town, central Rajasthan (Rājasthān) state, western India. Nagaur, a walled town held successively by the 12th-century Hindu ruler of Dilli (Delhi), Prithviraja, by the 12th- and 13th-century Muslim conqueror Muḥammad of Ghūr, and by Bikaner and Jodhpur chieftains, is said to take its name from its traditional founders, the Naga Rajputs (warrior rulers of the historical region of Rajputana). The fort contains palaces and a 17th-century mosque built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahān (Shāh Jahān) (reigned 1628–58). Connected by rail and road with Bikaner and Merta, it is a trade centre for bullocks, wool, hides, and cotton. Industries include hand-loom weaving and the manufacture of camel fittings, metal utensils, and ivory goods. One of the state's largest cattle fairs takes place in Nagaur each year (January–February). Bajra (pearl millet), jowar (grain sorghum), and pulses are the chief crops grown in the region surrounding Nagaur, and an excellent breed of oxen is reared there. Marble (at Makrana) and gypsum deposits are worked. Pop. (2001) 88,828.