Indian director known for her documentaries and feature films dealing with controversial subject matter.

Nair entered the University of Delhi in 1975. She left the following year to study at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where she developed an interest in documentary filmmaking. For her thesis in sociology, she produced her first documentary, Jama Masjid Street Journal (1979), a record of a traditional Muslim community. Nair then created a series of gritty and realistic documentaries that examined India's traditions and culture, including Children of a Desired Sex (1987), which examines the country's patriarchal society and its effects on unborn female children, and India Cabaret (1985), a portrait of two aging striptease dancers.

In the late 1980s Nair turned her attention to feature films. She produced, directed, and cowrote the acclaimed film Salaam Bombay! (1988), the story of an 11-year-old boy living on the streets that is told using documentary techniques and street people instead of professional actors. Nair followed this with Mississippi Massala (1991), which chronicled a love affair between an Indian woman and an African American man. In 1997 she was at the centre of controversy as she battled India's censors—eventually involving the Indian Supreme Court—over the release of the feature film Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love.