city, seat (1861) of Pueblo county, south-central Colorado, U.S., situated on the Arkansas River, near its confluence with Fountain Creek, at an elevation of 4,690 feet (1,430 metres). Jim Beckwourth (Beckwourth, Jim), a trader and onetime war chief of the Crow Indians, established a trading post, Fort Pueblo, on the site in 1842; the post was abandoned in 1854 following a period of hostilities between whites and Indians. A community called Fountain City developed in 1858 but was later absorbed by Pueblo City (laid out in 1860). Growth was stimulated by the arrival of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company) in 1872 and the Santa Fe line (Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, The) in 1876. It lies near coalfields and is an important manufacturing, retail, and trucking centre for the surrounding Arkansas Valley irrigated agricultural region. Nearby Minnequa was home to the Colorado Fuel and Iron Corporation, once one of the nation's largest steel plants and a significant economic and environmental factor in the region. The University of Southern Colorado originated as Pueblo Junior College (1933). A flood-control system along the Arkansas River was constructed to prevent recurrence of the 1921 flood disaster, and a dam impounds a large reservoir 6 miles (10 km) upstream from the city. San Isabel National Forest (to the west) is headquartered at Pueblo. Inc. 1885. Pop. (1990) city, 98,640; Pueblo MSA, 123,051; (2000) city, 102,121; Pueblo MSA, 141,472.