controversial theologian and ecclesiastical historian who clashed with Rome for expressing Gallicanism, a French position advocating restriction of papal power, and for defending Jansenism, a religious movement of nonorthodox tendencies in France.

Natalis joined the Dominicans at Rouen (1655), received a doctorate in divinity from the Sorbonne (1675), and was regent of studies at Saint-Jacques, Paris. Natalis' chief work, Selecta historiae ecclesiasticae capita, 24 vol. (1676–86; “Selected Chapters of Ecclesiastical History”), was condemned by Pope Innocent XI in 1684 because of its defense of Gallican claims. Natalis issued a revised edition, Historia ecclesiastica veteris et novi testamenti (“Ecclesiastical History of the Old and New Testaments”), in 8 volumes in 1699, but it was not until 1734 that the edition was removed from the Index of Forbidden Books.

In 1701 Natalis signed the Cas de conscience (“Case of Conscience”), a document allowing “silent submission” to a Jansenist asking for absolution, but, when it was condemned by Pope Clement XI, Natalis submitted. He appealed against Clement's bull Unigenitus (1713), which condemned propositions of one of the leading Jansenists, Pasquier Quesnel, but again submitted. Thereafter, he retired to Saint-Jacques, exhausted and having become blind.