officer in the Macedonian army under Alexander the Great who, on Alexander's orders, sailed from the Hydaspes River in western India to the Persian Gulf and up the Euphrates River to Babylon.

Earlier, in 333, Alexander had made Nearchus satrap (provincial governor) of the newly conquered Lycia and Pamphylia in Anatolia. Nearchus embarked on his expedition in 325, when Alexander descended the Indus River to the sea. He chronicled the journey in a detailed narrative, a full abstract of which is included in Arrian's Indica (2nd century AD). Nearchus was unable to play any significant role in the struggles following Alexander's death (323); the statement of a late source that he recovered his former satrapies is doubtful.