with bobbin lace, one of the two main kinds of lace. In needle lace the design is drawn on a piece of parchment or thick paper, cloth-backed. An outlining thread stitched onto this serves as a supporting framework, and the lace is worked with a needle and a single thread in a succession of buttonhole stitches in varying degrees of tightness and in straight lines that support further stitches. The needle never penetrates the backing. When the work is finished, a knife is passed between the two layers of backing to cut the stitching thread and the lace is lifted off the pattern.

The beginning of needle lace can be dated to the late 15th century. The question of its place of origin—Italy or Flanders—has not been resolved, but most agree that it was developed in Italy.