district, administrative and historic county of Nottinghamshire, central England, in the east-central part of the county. Newark and Sherwood district extends from the fertile, wide valley of the River Trent, centred on the town of Newark-on-Trent, in the east to sandy uplands, about 300 feet (90 metres) in elevation, in the west. The infertile uplands, an outcrop of the Pennines, support heath, limited agriculture, and what remains of the fabled Sherwood Forest; originally an oak forest, much of Sherwood Forest has been replanted in pine. Agriculture is the principle economic activity in the Trent valley; wheat, barley, sugar beets, and dairy cattle are raised. A vast coal reserve was discovered in the late 1970s in the valley north of Newark-on-Trent. A manufacturing centre of ball and roller bearings and other machinery, Newark-on-Trent is also the administrative centre of the district. The cathedral (1884) at Southwell, a parish (town) 10 miles (16 km) west of Newark-on-Trent, incorporates late Norman, Early English, and Decorated Gothic architectural styles. Area 253 square miles (654 square km). Pop. (2001) 106,287.