city, seat (1722) of Craven county, eastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Neuse (Neuse River) and Trent (Trent, River) Rivers, about 35 miles (55 km) northeast of Jacksonville. The second oldest town in North Carolina, New Bern was settled in 1710 by Freiherr (baron) Christophe von Graffenried of Bern, Switzerland. It was incorporated in 1723 after near destruction by Native Americans. Colonial North Carolina's first printing press (1749), used to print the first newspaper, the North Carolina Gazette, and first tax-supported school, New Bern Academy (1764), were located there. New Bern served as the colonial and state capital from 1746 to 1792. Tryon Palace, built in 1767–70 by the royal governor, William Tryon, was the first capitol; it was restored (1952–59) as a state historic site. The first and second provincial congresses in North Carolina opposing the British met there in 1774 and 1775, respectively.

New Bern had a thriving seaport trade with New England, England, and the West Indies through Pamlico Sound until the city was captured by Union forces in 1862 and occupied for the remainder of the American Civil War. Its connection with the Intracoastal Waterway and the port at Morehead City, 35 miles (55 km) south-southeast, has made it the service centre for nearby summer resorts, the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station at Cherry Point, and farmlands producing corn (maize), tobacco, and cotton. The soft drink Pepsi-Cola was invented by New Bern pharmacist Caleb Bradham in 1898. The city's diversified manufactures today include chemicals, boats, wood products, and plumbing fixtures.

The New Bern National Cemetery has the graves of many Civil War dead. One of the first public schools for African Americans was established in New Bern in 1862, and Craven Community College was opened in 1965. The city has many restored 18th- and 19th-century buildings, and the Firemen's Museum exhibits early fire-fighting equipment. Bradham's pharmacy was restored and opened to the public in 1998. Croatan National Forest is just to the south of the city. Pop. (1990) 17,363; (2000) 23,128.