city, Orange county, southeastern New York, U.S. It lies on the west bank of the Hudson River (opposite Beacon), 58 miles (93 km) north of New York City. First settled by Germans from the Palatinate in 1709, it became a parish in 1752 and was named for Newburgh, Scotland. It served as General George Washington (Washington, George)'s final headquarters (1782–83) and was a key American command post in the strategic Hudson valley during the American Revolution. It was there that Washington renounced the idea that he become king and officially disbanded the Continental Army. The Jonathan Hasbrouck House (1750), Washington's headquarters, is now a state historical site with an adjacent museum. Nearby are the New Windsor Cantonment (a reconstruction of a winter camp of the Continental Army) and the preserved headquarters (the John Ellison House, 1754) of General Henry Knox (Knox, Henry).

Newburgh's early growth was influenced by its position as a river port; it shared in the 19th-century whaling boom and was a ferry point for coal shipped from Pennsylvania to New England. Its industries include metallurgy and the manufacture of textiles, tools and dies, structural steel, and plastic products. The city serves as the trade and distribution centre for the surrounding dairy and fruit region, and nearby oil-tank farms contribute to the economy. Mount Saint Mary College was established (1930) in Newburgh. Inc. village, 1800; city, 1865. Pop. (1990) 26,454; (2000) 28,259.