American painter whose large, austerely reductionist canvases influenced the colour-field (colour-field painting) painters of the 1960s.

The son of Polish immigrants, Newman studied at New York City's Art Students League (1922–26) and at the City College of New York, from which he graduated in 1927. He worked in his father's clothing business in the 1930s and gradually began painting full-time. With the painters William Baziotes, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko, he cofounded the school called “Subject of the Artist” (1948), which held open sessions and lectures for other artists.

Newman evolved a style of mystical abstraction in the 1940s and achieved a breakthrough with the canvas “Onement I” (1948), in which a single stripe of orange vertically bisects a field of dark red. This austerely geometric style became his trademark. His paintings, many of which are quite large, typically consist of grand, empty fields of saturated colour inflected with one or more vertical stripes of other colours. Newman's first one-man show, held in New York City in 1950, aroused hostility and incomprehension, but by the late 1950s and '60s his work had influenced Ad Reinhardt, Clyfford Still, and such younger artists as Frank Stella and Larry Poons. Newman's series of 14 paintings called “Stations of the Cross,” exhibited at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City, in 1966, fully established his reputation.