town, Shenandoah county, northwestern Virginia, U.S., in the Shenandoah Valley. Laid out in 1784 and early known as Crossroads, it was incorporated in 1796 and renamed for the famous English horseracing town. This small community gained a place in American Civil War history when Confederate General John C. Breckinridge (Breckinridge, John C), in desperation, ordered the 257 cadets of the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington to join the fight in the hills to the north with about 4,000 other soldiers against the 6,000 Union army troops of General Franz Sigel. The boy-cadets, under General Scott Shipp, marched 80 miles (129 km) from Lexington in three days and distinguished themselves against seasoned forces, taking prisoners and capturing a battery. The improbable battle (May 15, 1864), in which 10 cadets were killed and 45 were wounded, ended with Sigel's retreat northward. New Market Battlefield Park commemorates the cadets' heroism. In 1972 New Market was made a state historic landmark.

Tourism is now the town's economic mainstay. Nearby are Endless Caverns (south) and Shenandoah Caverns (north), both known for vivid colouring and fantastic rock formations. Pop. (2000) 1,637; (2006 est.) 1,847.