city, Volusia county, northeastern Florida, U.S. It lies 15 miles (25 km) south of Daytona Beach, on the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian River (a lagoon separated from the Atlantic by barrier islands). Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León (Ponce de León, Juan) landed at an inlet just north of the city site in 1513. The site, once occupied by the Timucua Indians, who built Turtle Mound (50 feet 【15 metres】 high) out of shells, and the Spanish mission of Atocuimi (1696), was colonized in 1768 by a mixed immigrant group of Greeks, Minorcans, and Italians led by Andrew Turnbull, a Scottish physician, who named the place New Smyrna for his wife's Turkish birthplace. Because of political and financial difficulties, the colony was abandoned in 1777 but not before sugarcane, corn (maize), rice, and indigo were planted and a system of irrigation and drainage canals was built. In 1803 settlement was renewed with land grants. Under the stimulus of the Florida East Coast Railway and the Intracoastal Waterway (via the Indian River), it developed as a processing and distribution point for citrus. Tourism, boating, and sport fishing became economic assets, and eventually “Beach” was added to the city's name, probably in reference to its white, sandy shore.

Tourism, fishing, and manufacturing (including boats and paint) are major economic factors; agriculture is also important. New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins State Historic Site (1830) is immediately west, and Canaveral National Seashore (Canaveral, Cape) is southeast. Ponce de Leon Inlet Lighthouse (completed 1887) is a few miles north. Inc. town, 1887; city, 1903. Pop. (1990) 16,543; (2000) 20,048.