propagandistic language that is characterized by euphemism, circumlocution, and the inversion of customary meanings. The term was coined by George Orwell (Orwell, George) in his novel Nineteen Eighty-four (1949). Newspeak, “designed to diminish the range of thought,” was the language preferred by Big Brother's pervasive enforcers.

Types of newspeak in Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four include the elimination of certain words or the removal of unorthodox meanings from certain words; the substitution of one word for another (e.g., uncold instead of warm and ungood instead of bad); the interchangeability of the parts of speech, such that any word in the language could be used as either noun, verb, adjective, or adverb (e.g., the word cut no longer existed, and the term knife acted as both noun and verb, as in the sentence “She knifed the bread”); and the creation of words for political purposes (e.g., goodthink, meaning “orthodoxy” or “to think in an orthodox manner”).