political and cultural leader of the Maori community in New Zealand. He was a major force behind the improvement of government policy toward the Maori in the early 20th century.

Earning his law degree in 1897, Ngata became the first Maori graduate of a New Zealand university and worked briefly as a lawyer before becoming active in the nationalist Young Maori Party. In 1905 he began his 39-year term of office in Parliament, representing the eastern Maori constituency. He was knighted in 1927, and he served as minister of native affairs from 1928 to 1934.

In 1931 Ngata inaugurated his Maori land-development plan, which improved the quality of his people's agriculture and expanded the amount of Maori land under cultivation. His efforts to improve educational opportunities for the Maori included the founding of the Maori Purposes Fund to finance school construction.

Deeply committed to the preservation of the Maori culture, Ngata helped to found the Maori Board of Ethnological Research and served as its chairman from 1928 to 1934. His contributions to Polynesian anthropology included a nine-year term as president of the Polynesian society and his Nga Moteatea (1929), largely a collection of songs and chants of the various Maori tribes.