volcanic island, Kauai county, Hawaii, U.S. Niihau lies 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Kauai island. The smallest of the populated Hawaiian Islands, Niihau has an area of 70 square miles (180 square km). King Kamehameha IV sold it for $10,000 in 1863 to Elizabeth Sinclair of Scotland. Her descendants, the Kamaaina (meaning “Old-Timer”) Robinson family, continue to live on the island and have attempted to preserve Hawaiian culture there. Residency on Niihau is restricted to Hawaiians, and tourism is prohibited; in 1959 it was the only island to vote against statehood. Although English is taught, Hawaiian is the preferred language. Niihau is mostly arid lowland, which supports sheep and cattle ranching. The U.S. Navy uses the island for weapons testing. The chief village, Puuwai, is on the west coast.