Nobel Prize winners by category (economics)*

year name country** achievement

1969 Frisch, Ragnar Norway work in econometrics

Tinbergen, Jan The Netherlands work in econometrics

1970 Samuelson, Paul U.S. work in scientific analysis of economic theory

1971 Kuznets, Simon U.S. extensive research on the economic growth of nations

1972 Arrow, Kenneth J. U.S. contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory

Hicks, Sir John R. U.K. contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory

1973 Leontief, Wassily U.S. input-output analysis

1974 Hayek, Friedrich von (Hayek, F.A.) U.K. pioneering analysis of the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena

Myrdal, Gunnar Sweden pioneering analysis of the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena

1975 Kantorovich, Leonid Vitalyevich U.S.S.R. contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources

Koopmans, Tjalling C. U.S. contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources

1976 Friedman, Milton U.S. consumption analysis, monetary theory, and economic stabilization

1977 Meade, James Edward U.K. contributions to the theory of international trade

Ohlin, Bertil Sweden contributions to the theory of international trade

1978 Simon, Herbert Alexander (Simon, Herbert A.) U.S. decision-making processes in economic organizations

1979 Lewis, Sir Arthur U.K. analyses of economic processes in developing nations

Schultz, Theodore William U.S. analyses of economic processes in developing nations

1980 Klein, Lawrence Robert U.S. development and analysis of empirical models of business fluctuations

1981 Tobin, James U.S. portfolio selection theory of investment

1982 Stigler, George J. U.S. economic effects of governmental regulation

1983 Debreu, Gerard U.S. mathematical proof of supply-and-demand theory

1984 Stone, Sir Richard U.K. development of a national income accounting system

1985 Modigliani, Franco U.S. analyses of household savings and financial markets

1986 Buchanan, James M. U.S. public-choice theory bridging economics and political science

1987 Solow, Robert Merton (Solow, Robert M.) U.S. contributions to the theory of economic growth

1988 Allais, Maurice France contributions to the theory of markets and efficient use of resources

1989 Haavelmo, Trygve Norway development of statistical techniques for economic forecasting

1990 Markowitz, Harry M. U.S. study of financial markets and investment decision making

Miller, Merton H. U.S. study of financial markets and investment decision making

Sharpe, William F. U.S. study of financial markets and investment decision making

1991 Coase, Ronald U.S. application of economic principles to the study of law

1992 Becker, Gary S. U.S. application of economic theory to social sciences

1993 Fogel, Robert William U.S. contributions to economic history

North, Douglass C. U.S. contributions to economic history

1994 Harsanyi, John C. U.S. development of game theory

Nash, John F. (Nash, John F., Jr.) U.S. development of game theory

Selten, Reinhard Germany development of game theory

1995 Lucas, Robert E., Jr. U.S. incorporation of rational expectations in macroeconomic theory

1996 Mirrlees, James A. U.K. contributions to the theory of incentives under conditions of asymmetric information

Vickrey, William U.S. contributions to the theory of incentives under conditions of asymmetric information

1997 Merton, Robert C. U.S. method for determining the value of stock options and other derivatives

Scholes, Myron S. U.S. method for determining the value of stock options and other derivatives

1998 Sen, Amartya India contributions to welfare economics

1999 Mundell, Robert A. Canada analysis of optimum currency areas and of policy under different exchange-rate regimes

2000 Heckman, James J. U.S. development of methods of statistical analysis of individual and household behaviour

McFadden, Daniel L. U.S. development of methods of statistical analysis of individual and household behaviour

2001 Akerlof, George A. U.S. analysis of markets with asymmetric information

Spence, A. Michael U.S. analysis of markets with asymmetric information

Stiglitz, Joseph E. U.S. analysis of markets with asymmetric information

2002 Kahneman, Daniel U.S./Israel integration of psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision making under uncertainty

Smith, Vernon L. U.S. establishment of laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis

2003 Engle, Robert F. U.S. development of techniques for the analysis of time series data

Granger, Clive W.J. U.K. development of techniques for the analysis of time series data

2004 Kydland, Finn E. Norway contributions to dynamic macroeconomics

Prescott, Edward C. U.S. contributions to dynamic macroeconomics

2005 Aumann, Robert J. Israel contributions to game-theory analysis

Schelling, Thomas C. U.S. contributions to game-theory analysis

2006 Phelps, Edmund S. U.S. analysis of intertemporal trade-offs in macroeconomic policy

2007 Hurwicz, Leonid U.S. work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theory

Maskin, Eric S. U.S. work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theory

Myerson, Roger B. U.S. work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theory

2008 Krugman, Paul U.S. analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity

*Officially called the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, it is technically not a Nobel Prize, although it is identified with the award.

**Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.