Nobel Prize winners by name (J through L)

name year category country* achievement literary area

Jacob, François 1965 physiology/

medicine France discoveries concerning regulatory activities of body cells

Jelinek, Elfriede 2004 literature Austria novelist, playwright

Jensen, J. Hans D. 1963 physics West

Germany development of the shell model theory of the structure of atomic nuclei

Jensen, Johannes V. 1944 literature Denmark novelist

Jerne, Niels K. 1984 physiology/

medicine U.K.- Denmark theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies

Jiménez, Juan Ramón 1956 literature Spain poet

Johnson, Eyvind 1974 literature Sweden novelist

Joliot-Curie, Frédéric and Irène 1935 chemistry France synthesis of new radioactive elements

Josephson, Brian D. 1973 physics U.K. tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors

Jouhaux, Léon 1951 peace France

Kahneman, Daniel 2002 economics U.S./Israel integration of psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision making under uncertainty

Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike 1913 physics The Netherlands investigation into the properties of matter at low temperatures; production of liquid helium

Kandel, Eric 2000 physiology/

medicine U.S. discovery of how signals are transmitted between nerve cells in the brain

Kantorovich, Leonid Vitalyevich 1975 economics U.S.S.R. contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources

Kapitsa, Pyotr Leonidovich 1978 physics U.S.S.R. invention and application of a helium liquefier

Karle, Jerome 1985 chemistry U.S. development of a way to map the chemical structures of small molecules

Axel (Karlfeldt, Erik Axel) (declined) 1918 literature Sweden poet

Axel (Karlfeldt, Erik Axel) (posthumous award) 1931 literature Sweden poet

Karrer, Paul 1937 chemistry Switzerland research on carotenoids, flavins, and vitamins

Kastler, Alfred 1966 physics France discovery of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms

Bernard (Katz, Sir Bernard) 1970 physiology/

medicine U.K. discoveries concerning the chemistry of nerve impulse transmission

Kawabata Yasunari 1968 literature Japan novelist

Kellogg, Frank B. 1929 peace U.S.

Kendall, Edward Calvin 1950 physiology/

medicine U.S. research on adrenal cortex hormones, their structure and biological effects

Kendall, Henry Way 1990 physics U.S. discovery of quarks

Kendrew, John Cowdery (Kendrew, Sir John Cowdery) 1962 chemistry U.K. determination of the structure of hemoproteins

Kertész, Imre 2002 literature Hungary novelist

Khorana, Har Gobind 1968 physiology/

medicine U.S. deciphering the genetic code

Kilby, Jack S. (Kilby, Jack) 2000 physics U.S. development of the integrated circuit (microchip)

Kim Dae Jung 2000 peace South Korea

King, Martin Luther, Jr. 1964 peace U.S.

Kipling, Rudyard 1907 literature U.K. poet, novelist

Kissinger, Henry A. 1973 peace U.S.

Klein, Lawrence Robert 1980 economics U.S. development and analysis of empirical models of business fluctuations

von (Klitzing, Klaus von) 1985 physics West

Germany discovery of the quantized Hall effect, permitting exact measurements of electrical resistance

Klug, Aaron 1982 chemistry U.K. determination of the structure of biological substances

Kobayashi Makoto 2008 physics Japan discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature

Koch, Robert 1905 physiology/

medicine Germany tuberculosis research

Kocher, Emil Theodor 1909 physiology/

medicine Switzerland physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland

Köhler, Georges J.F. 1984 physiology/

medicine West

Germany theory and development of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies

Kohn, Walter 1998 chemistry U.S. development of the density-functional theory

Tjalling C. (Koopmans, Tjalling C.) 1975 economics U.S. contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources

Kornberg, Arthur 1959 physiology/

medicine U.S. work on producing nucleic acids artificially

Kornberg, Roger D. 2006 chemistry U.S. work on the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription

Koshiba Masatoshi 2002 physics Japan detection of neutrinos

Kossel, Albrecht 1910 physiology/

medicine Germany research in cellular chemistry

Krebs, Edwin Gerhard 1992 physiology/

medicine U.S. discovery of the class of enzymes called protein kinases

Krebs, Sir Hans Adolf 1953 physiology/

medicine U.K. discovery of the citric acid cycle in metabolism of carbohydrates

Kroemer, Herbert 2000 physics Germany development of fast semiconductors for use in microelectronics

Krogh, August 1920 physiology/

medicine Denmark discovery of the capillary motor-regulating mechanism

Kroto, Sir Harold W. 1996 chemistry U.K. discovery of new carbon compounds called fullerenes

Krugman, Paul 2008 economics U.S. analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity

Kuhn, Richard (declined) 1938 chemistry Germany carotenoid and vitamin research

Kusch, Polykarp 1955 physics U.S. measurement of the magnetic moment of the electron

Kuznets, Simon 1971 economics U.S. extensive research on the economic growth of nations

Kydland, Finn E. 2004 economics Norway contributions to dynamic macroeconomics

Lafontaine, Henri-Marie 1913 peace Belgium

Lagerkvist, Pär 1951 literature Sweden novelist

Lagerlöf, Selma 1909 literature Sweden novelist

Lamb, Willis Eugene, Jr. 1955 physics U.S. discoveries in the hydrogen spectrum

Landau, Lev Davidovich 1962 physics U.S.S.R. contributions to the understanding of condensed states of matter

Karl (Landsteiner, Karl) 1930 physiology/

medicine U.S. discovery of human blood groups

Lange, Christian Lous 1921 peace Norway

Langmuir, Irving 1932 chemistry U.S. discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry

Laue, Max von 1914 physics Germany discovery of diffraction of X-rays by crystals

Robert B. (Laughlin, Robert B.) 1998 physics U.S. discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect

Lauterbur, Paul 2003 physiology/

medicine U.S. development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Alphonse (Laveran, Alphonse) 1907 physiology/

medicine France discovery of the role of protozoans in diseases

Lawrence, Ernest Orlando 1939 physics U.S. invention of the cyclotron

Laxness, Halldór 1955 literature Iceland novelist

Marie Gustave (Le Clézio, Jean-Marie Gustave) 2008 literature France novelist,

essayist

Le Duc Tho (declined) 1973 peace North

Vietnam

League of Red Cross Societies (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) 1963 peace

Joshua (Lederberg, Joshua) 1958 physiology/

medicine U.S. genetic recombination

Lederman, Leon Max 1988 physics U.S. research in subatomic particles

Lee, David M. 1996 physics U.S. discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3

Lee, Tsung-Dao 1957 physics China discovery of violations of the principle of parity

Lee, Yuan T. 1986 chemistry U.S. development of methods for analyzing basic chemical reactions

Leggett, Anthony J. 2003 physics U.S. discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperatures

Marie (Lehn, Jean-Marie) 1987 chemistry France development of molecules that can link with other molecules

Leloir, Luis Federico 1970 chemistry Argentina discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates

Lenard, Philipp 1905 physics Germany research on cathode rays

Leontief, Wassily 1973 economics U.S. input-output analysis

Lessing, Doris 2007 literature U.K. novelist

Levi-Montalcini, Rita 1986 physiology/

medicine Italy discovery of chemical agents that help regulate the growth of cells

Lewis, Sir Arthur 1979 economics U.K. analyses of economic processes in developing nations

B. (Lewis, Edward B.) 1995 physiology/

medicine U.S. identification of genes that control the body's early structural development

Lewis, Sinclair 1930 literature U.S. novelist

Libby, Willard Frank 1960 chemistry U.S. development of radiocarbon dating

Lipmann, Fritz Albert 1953 physiology/

medicine U.S. discovery of coenzyme A in metabolism of carbohydrates

Lippmann, Gabriel 1908 physics France photographic reproduction of colours

Lipscomb, William Nunn, Jr. 1976 chemistry U.S. structure of boranes

Loewi, Otto 1936 physiology/

medicine Germany work on chemical transmission of nerve impulses

Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon 1902 physics The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation

Lorenz, Konrad 1973 physiology/

medicine Austria discoveries in animal behaviour patterns

Lucas, Robert E., Jr. 1995 economics U.S. incorporation of rational expectations in macroeconomic theory

Luria, Salvador 1969 physiology/

medicine U.S. research and discoveries concerning viruses and viral diseases

John (Luthuli, Albert John) 1960 peace South Africa

Lwoff, André 1965 physiology/

medicine France discoveries concerning regulatory activities of body cells

Lynen, Feodor 1964 physiology/

medicine West

Germany discoveries concerning cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism

*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.

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