Nobel Prize winners by name (S through U)

name year category country* achievement literary area

Saavedra Lamas, Carlos 1936 peace Argentina

Sabatier, Paul 1912 chemistry France method of hydrogenating organic compounds

Sachs, Nelly 1966 literature Sweden poet

Sadat, Anwar el- (Sādāt, Anwar el-) 1978 peace Egypt

Saint-John Perse 1960 literature France poet

Sakharov, Andrey Dmitriyevich 1975 peace U.S.S.R.

Sakmann, Bert 1991 physiology/

medicine Germany discovery of how cells communicate, as related to diseases

Salam, Abdus 1979 physics Pakistan unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particles

Samuelson, Paul 1970 economics U.S. work in scientific analysis of economic theory

Samuelsson, Bengt Ingemar 1982 physiology/

medicine Sweden biochemistry and physiology of prostaglandins

Sanger, Frederick 1958 chemistry U.K. determination of the structure of the insulin molecule

Sanger, Frederick 1980 chemistry U.K. development of chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure

Saramago, José 1998 literature Portugal novelist

Sartre, Jean-Paul (declined) 1964 literature France philosopher, dramatist

Sato Eisaku (Satō Eisaku) 1974 peace Japan

Schally, Andrew Victor (Schally, Andrew V.) 1977 physiology/

medicine U.S. research on pituitary hormones

Schawlow, Arthur Leonard (Schawlow, Arthur L.) 1981 physics U.S. applications of lasers in spectroscopy

Schelling, Thomas C. 2005 economics U.S. contributions to game-theory analysis

Scholes, Myron S. 1997 economics U.S. method for determining the value of stock options and other derivatives

Schrieffer, John Robert 1972 physics U.S. development of the theory of superconductivity

Schrock, Richard R. 2005 chemistry U.S. development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis

Schrödinger, Erwin 1933 physics Austria introduction of wave equations in quantum mechanics

Schultz, Theodore William 1979 economics U.S. analyses of economic processes in developing nations

Schwartz, Melvin 1988 physics U.S. research in subatomic particles

Schweitzer, Albert 1952 peace Alsace

Schwinger, Julian Seymour 1965 physics U.S. basic principles of quantum electrodynamics

Seaborg, Glenn T. 1951 chemistry U.S. discovery of and research on transuranium elements

Seferis, George 1963 literature Greece poet

Segrè, Emilio 1959 physics U.S. confirmation of the existence of the antiproton

Seifert, Jaroslav 1984 literature Czech. poet

Selten, Reinhard 1994 economics Germany development of game theory

Semyonov, Nikolay Nikolayevich 1956 chemistry U.S.S.R. work on the kinetics of chemical reactions

Sen, Amartya 1998 economics India contribution to welfare economics

Sharp, Phillip A. 1993 physiology/

medicine U.S. discovery of "split," or interrupted, genetic structure

Sharpe, William F. 1990 economics U.S. study of financial markets and investment decision making

Shaw, George Bernard 1925 literature Ireland dramatist

Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott 1932 physiology/ medicine U.K. discoveries regarding function of neurons

Shimomura, Osamu 2008 chemistry U.S. discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

Shirakawa Hideki 2000 chemistry Japan discovery of plastics that conduct electricity

Shockley, William B. 1956 physics U.S. investigations on semiconductors and invention of the transistor

Sholokhov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich 1965 literature U.S.S.R. novelist

Shull, Clifford G. 1994 physics U.S. development of neutron-scattering techniques

Siegbahn, Kai Manne Börje 1981 physics Sweden electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis

Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg 1924 physics Sweden work in X-ray spectroscopy

Sienkiewicz, Henryk 1905 literature Poland novelist

Sillanpää, Frans Eemil 1939 literature Finland novelist

Simon, Claude 1985 literature France novelist

Simon, Herbert Alexander (Simon, Herbert A.) 1978 economics U.S. decision-making processes in economic organizations

Singer, Isaac Bashevis 1978 literature U.S. novelist

Skou, Jens C. 1997 chemistry Denmark discovery of sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase

Smalley, Richard E. 1996 chemistry U.S. discovery of new carbon compounds called fullerenes

Smith, Hamilton Othanel 1978 physiology/

medicine U.S. discovery and application of enzymes that fragment DNA

Smith, Michael 1993 chemistry Canada inventors of techniques for gene study and manipulation

Smith, Vernon L. 2002 economics U.S. establishment of laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis

Smithies, Oliver 2007 physiology/

medicine U.S. discovery of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells

Smoot, George F. 2006 physics U.S. discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation

Snell, George Davis 1980 physiology/

medicine U.S. investigations of genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances

Soddy, Frederick 1921 chemistry U.K. chemistry of radioactive substances; occurrence and nature of isotopes

Söderblom, Nathan 1930 peace Sweden

Solow, Robert Merton (Solow, Robert M.) 1987 economics U.S. contributions to the theory of economic growth

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isayevich 1970 literature U.S.S.R. novelist

Soyinka, Wole 1986 literature Nigeria playwright, poet

Spemann, Hans 1935 physiology/

medicine Germany organizer effect in embryo

Sperry, Roger Wolcott 1981 physiology/

medicine U.S. functions of the cerebral hemispheres

Spitteler, Carl 1919 literature Switzerland poet, novelist

Stanley, Wendell Meredith 1946 chemistry U.S. preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form

Stark, Johannes 1919 physics Germany discovery of Doppler effect in positive ion rays and division of spectral lines in electric field

Staudinger, Hermann 1953 chemistry West Germany work on macromolecules

Stein, William H. 1972 chemistry U.S. fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry

Steinbeck, John 1962 literature U.S. novelist

Steinberger, Jack 1988 physics U.S. research in subatomic particles

Stern, Otto 1943 physics U.S. discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton

Stigler, George J. 1982 economics U.S. economic effects of governmental regulation

Stone, Sir Richard 1984 economics U.K. development of national income accounting system

Störmer, Horst L. 1998 physics U.S. discovery of fractional quantum Hall effect

Stresemann, Gustav 1926 peace Germany

Sully Prudhomme 1901 literature France poet

Sulston, John E. 2002 physiology/

medicine U.K. discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Sumner, James Batcheller 1946 chemistry U.S. discovery of enzyme crystallization

Sutherland, Earl W., Jr. 1971 physiology/

medicine U.S. action of hormones

Suttner, Bertha, Freifrau von 1905 peace Austria- Hungary

Svedberg, Theodor H.E. 1926 chemistry Sweden work on disperse systems

Synge, R.L.M. 1952 chemistry U.K. development of partition chromatography

Szent-Györgyi, Albert 1937 physiology/

medicine Hungary work on biological combustion

Szymborska, Wislawa (Szymborska, Wisława) 1996 literature Poland poet

Tagore, Rabindranath 1913 literature India poet

Tamm, Igor Yevgenyevich 1958 physics U.S.S.R. discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effect

Tanaka Koichi 2002 chemistry Japan development of techniques to identify and analyze proteins and other large molecules

Tatum, Edward L. 1958 physiology/

medicine U.S. genetic regulation of chemical processes

Taube, Henry 1983 chemistry U.S. study of electron transfer reactions

Taylor, Joseph H., Jr. 1993 physics U.S. identifying binary pulsars

Taylor, Richard E. 1990 physics Canada discovery of atomic quarks

Temin, Howard Martin 1975 physiology/

medicine U.S. interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell

Teresa, Mother (Teresa, Blessed Mother) 1979 peace India

Theiler, Max 1951 physiology/

medicine South Africa yellow fever discoveries

Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor 1955 physiology/

medicine Sweden nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes

Thomas, E. Donnall 1990 physiology/

medicine U.S. development of kidney and bone-marrow transplants

Thomson, Sir George Paget 1937 physics U.K. experimental demonstration of the interference phenomenon in crystals irradiated by electrons

Thomson, Sir J.J. 1906 physics U.K. researches into electrical conductivity of gases

Tinbergen, Jan 1969 economics The Netherlands work in econometrics

Tinbergen, Nikolaas 1973 physiology/

medicine U.K. discoveries in animal behaviour patterns

Ting, Samuel C.C. 1976 physics U.S. discovery of new class of elementary particles (psi, or J)

Tiselius, Arne 1948 chemistry Sweden researches in electrophoresis and adsorption analysis; serum proteins

Tobin, James 1981 economics U.S. portfolio selection theory of investment

Todd (of Trumpington), Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron (Todd, Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron) 1957 chemistry U.K. work on nucleotides and nucleotide coenzymes

Tomonaga Shin'ichiro (Tomonaga Shin'ichirō) 1965 physics Japan basic principles of quantum electrodynamics

Tonegawa Susumu 1987 physiology/

medicine Japan study of genetic aspects of antibodies

Townes, Charles Hard 1964 physics U.S. work in quantum electronics leading to construction of instruments based on maser-laser principles

Trimble, David 1998 peace Northern Ireland

Tsien, Roger Y. 2008 physics U.S. discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

Tsui, Daniel C. 1998 physics U.S. discovery of fractional quantum Hall effect

Tutu, Desmond 1984 peace South Africa

Undset, Sigrid 1928 literature Norway novelist

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 1965 peace (founded 1946)

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Office of the 1954 peace (founded 1951)

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Office of the 1981 peace (founded 1951)

United Nations Peacekeeping Forces 1988 peace

Urey, Harold C. 1934 chemistry U.S. discovery of heavy hydrogen

*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.

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