Nobel Prize winners by name (V through Z)

name year category country* achievement literary area

Van Vleck, John H. 1977 physics U.S. contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solids

Vane, John Robert (Vane, Sir John Robert) 1982 physiology/ medicine U.K. biochemistry and physiology of prostaglandins

Varmus, Harold 1989 physiology/ medicine U.S. study of cancer-causing genes (oncogenes)

Veltman, Martinus J.G. 1999 physics The Netherlands study of the quantum structure of electroweak interactions

Vickrey, William 1996 economics U.S. theory of incentives under conditions of asymmetric information

Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari 1945 chemistry Finland invention of a fodder-preservation method

Waals, Johannes Diederik van der 1910 physics The Netherlands research concerning the equation of state of gases and liquids

Wagner-Jauregg, Julius 1927 physiology/ medicine Austria work on malaria inoculation in dementia paralytica

Waksman, Selman Abraham 1952 physiology/ medicine U.S. discovery of streptomycin

Walcott, Derek 1992 literature St. Lucia poet

Wald, George 1967 physiology/ medicine U.S. discoveries about chemical and physiological visual processes in the eye

Walesa, Lech (Wałęsa, Lech) 1983 peace Poland

Walker, John E. 1997 chemistry U.K. explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine triphosphate

Wallach, Otto 1910 chemistry Germany pioneer work in alicyclic combinations

Walton, Ernest Thomas Sinton 1951 physics Ireland work on transmutation of atomic nuclei by accelerated particles

Warburg, Otto 1931 physiology/ medicine Germany discovery of the nature and action of the respiratory enzyme

Warren, J. Robin 2005 physiology/ medicine Australia discovery of bacteria's role in peptic ulcer disease

Watson, James Dewey 1962 physiology/ medicine U.S. discoveries concerning the molecular structure of DNA

Weinberg, Steven 1979 physics U.S. unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particles

Weller, Thomas H. 1954 physiology/ medicine U.S. cultivation of the poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures

Werner, Alfred 1913 chemistry Switzerland work on the linkage of atoms in molecules

Whipple, George H. 1934 physiology/ medicine U.S. discoveries concerning liver treatment for anemia

White, Patrick 1973 literature Australia novelist

Wieland, Heinrich Otto 1927 chemistry Germany researches into the constitution of bile acids

Wien, Wilhelm 1911 physics Germany discoveries regarding laws governing heat radiation

Wieschaus, Eric F. 1995 physiology/ medicine U.S. identification of genes that control the body's early structural development

Wiesel, Elie 1986 peace U.S.

Wiesel, Torsten Nils 1981 physiology/ medicine Sweden processing of visual information by the brain

Wigner, Eugene Paul 1963 physics U.S. principles governing interaction of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Wilczek, Frank 2004 physics U.S. discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

Wilkins, Maurice 1962 physiology/ medicine U.K. discoveries concerning the molecular structure of DNA

Wilkinson, Sir Geoffrey 1973 chemistry U.K. organometallic chemistry

Williams, Betty 1976 peace Northern Ireland

Williams, Jody 1997 peace U.S.

Willstätter, Richard 1915 chemistry Germany pioneer researches in plant pigments, especially chlorophyll

Wilson, C.T.R. 1927 physics U.K. method of making visible the paths of electrically charged particles

Wilson, Kenneth Geddes 1982 physics U.S. analysis of continuous phase transitions

Wilson, Robert Woodrow 1978 physics U.S. discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, providing support for the big-bang theory

Wilson, Woodrow 1919 peace U.S.

Windaus, Adolf 1928 chemistry Germany constitution of sterols and their connection with vitamins

Wittig, Georg 1979 chemistry West Germany introduction of compounds of boron and phosphorus in the synthesis of organic substances

Woodward, R.B. (Woodward, Robert Burns) 1965 chemistry U.S. synthesis of sterols, chlorophyll, and other substances

Wüthrich, Kurt 2002 chemistry Switzerland development of techniques to identify and analyze proteins and other large molecules

Yalow, Rosalyn S. 1977 physiology/ medicine U.S. development of radioimmunoassay

Yang, Chen Ning 1957 physics China discovery of violations of the principle of parity

Yeats, William Butler 1923 literature Ireland poet

Yukawa Hideki 1949 physics Japan prediction of the existence of mesons

Yunus, Muhammad 2006 peace Bangladesh

Zeeman, Pieter 1902 physics The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation

Zernike, Frits 1953 physics The Netherlands method of phase-contrast microscopy

Zewail, Ahmed H. 1999 chemistry Egypt/U.S. study of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy

Ziegler, Karl 1963 chemistry West Germany structure and synthesis of polymers in the field of plastics

Zinkernagel, Rolf M. 1996 physiology/ medicine Switzerland discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells

Zsigmondy, Richard 1925 chemistry Austria elucidation of the heterogeneous nature of colloidal solutions

zur Hausen, Harald 2008 physiology/ medicine Germany discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer

*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.

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