Nobel Prize winners by year (1971–80)

year category name country* achievement literary area

1971

chemistry Herzberg, Gerhard Canada research in the structure of molecules

economics Kuznets, Simon U.S. extensive research on the economic growth of nations

literature Neruda, Pablo Chile poet

peace Brandt, Willy West Germany

physics Gabor, Dennis U.K. invention of holography

physiology/

medicine Sutherland, Earl W., Jr. U.S. action of hormones

1972

chemistry Anfinsen, Christian B. U.S. fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry

chemistry Moore, Stanford U.S. fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry

chemistry Stein, William H. U.S. fundamental contributions to enzyme chemistry

economics Arrow, Kenneth J. U.S. contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory

economics Hicks, Sir John R. U.K. contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory

literature Böll, Heinrich West Germany novelist

physics Bardeen, John U.S. development of the theory of superconductivity

physics Cooper, Leon N. U.S. development of the theory of superconductivity

physics Schrieffer, John Robert U.S. development of the theory of superconductivity

physiology/

medicine Edelman, Gerald Maurice U.S. research on the chemical structure of antibodies

physiology/

medicine Porter, Rodney Robert U.K. research on the chemical structure of antibodies

1973

chemistry Fischer, Ernst Otto West Germany organometallic chemistry

chemistry Wilkinson, Sir Geoffrey U.K. organometallic chemistry

economics Leontief, Wassily U.S. input-output analysis

literature White, Patrick Australia novelist

peace Kissinger, Henry A. U.S.

peace Le Duc Tho (declined) North Vietnam

physics Esaki, Leo Japan tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors

physics Giaever, Ivar U.S. tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors

physics Josephson, Brian D. U.K. tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors

physiology/

medicine Frisch, Karl von Austria discoveries in animal behaviour patterns

physiology/

medicine Lorenz, Konrad Austria discoveries in animal behaviour patterns

physiology/

medicine Tinbergen, Nikolaas U.K. discoveries in animal behaviour patterns

1974

chemistry Flory, Paul J. U.S. studies of long-chain molecules

economics Hayek, Friedrich von (Hayek, F.A.) U.K. pioneering analysis of the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena

economics Myrdal, Gunnar Sweden pioneering analysis of the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena

literature Johnson, Eyvind Sweden novelist

literature Martinson, Harry Sweden novelist, poet

peace MacBride, Seán Ireland

peace Sato Eisaku (Satō Eisaku) Japan

physics Hewish, Antony U.K. work in radio astronomy

physics Ryle, Sir Martin U.K. work in radio astronomy

physiology/

medicine Claude, Albert U.S. research on structural and functional organization of cells

physiology/

medicine Duve, Christian René de Belgium research on structural and functional organization of cells

physiology/

medicine Palade, George E. U.S. research on structural and functional organization of cells

1975

chemistry Cornforth, Sir John Warcup (Cornforth, Sir John) U.K. work in stereochemistry

chemistry Prelog, Vladimir Switzerland work in stereochemistry

economics Kantorovich, Leonid Vitalyevich U.S.S.R. contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources

economics Koopmans, Tjalling C. U.S. contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources

literature Montale, Eugenio Italy poet

peace Sakharov, Andrey Dmitriyevich U.S.S.R.

physics Bohr, Aage N. Denmark work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusion

physics Mottelson, Ben R. Denmark work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusion

physics Rainwater, James U.S. work on the atomic nucleus that paved the way for nuclear fusion

physiology/

medicine Baltimore, David U.S. interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell

physiology/

medicine Dulbecco, Renato U.S. interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell

physiology/

medicine Temin, Howard Martin U.S. interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell

1976

chemistry Lipscomb, William Nunn, Jr. U.S. structure of boranes

economics Friedman, Milton U.S. consumption analysis, monetary theory, and economic stabilization

literature Bellow, Saul U.S. novelist

peace Corrigan, Mairéad (Corrigan-Maguire, Mairéad) Northern Ireland

peace Williams, Betty Northern Ireland

physics Richter, Burton U.S. discovery of new class of elementary particles (psi, or J)

physics Ting, Samuel C.C. U.S. discovery of new class of elementary particles (psi, or J)

physiology/

medicine Blumberg, Baruch S. U.S. studies of origin and spread of infectious diseases

physiology/

medicine Gajdusek, D. Carleton U.S. studies of origin and spread of infectious diseases

1977

chemistry Prigogine, Ilya Belgium widening the scope of thermodynamics

economics Meade, James Edward U.K. contributions to theory of international trade

economics Ohlin, Bertil Sweden contributions to theory of international trade

literature Aleixandre, Vicente Spain poet

peace Amnesty International (founded 1961)

physics Anderson, Philip W. U.S. contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solids

physics Mott, Sir Nevill F. U.K. contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solids

physics Van Vleck, John H. U.S. contributions to understanding the behaviour of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solids

physiology/

medicine Guillemin, Roger Charles Louis U.S. research on pituitary hormones

physiology/

medicine Schally, Andrew Victor (Schally, Andrew V.) U.S. research on pituitary hormones

physiology/

medicine Yalow, Rosalyn S. U.S. development of radioimmunoassay

1978

chemistry Mitchell, Peter Dennis U.K. formulation of a theory of energy transfer processes in biological systems

economics Simon, Herbert Alexander (Simon, Herbert A.) U.S. decision-making processes in economic organizations

literature Singer, Isaac Bashevis U.S. novelist

peace Begin, Menachem Israel

peace Sadat, Anwar el- (Sādāt, Anwar el-) Egypt

physics Kapitsa, Pyotr Leonidovich U.S.S.R. invention and application of helium liquefier

physics Penzias, Arno U.S. discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, providing support for the big-bang theory

physics Wilson, Robert Woodrow U.S. discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, providing support for the big-bang theory

physiology/

medicine Arber, Werner Switzerland discovery and application of enzymes that fragment DNA

physiology/

medicine Nathans, Daniel U.S. discovery and application of enzymes that fragment DNA

physiology/

medicine Smith, Hamilton Othanel U.S. discovery and application of enzymes that fragment DNA

1979

chemistry Brown, Herbert Charles U.S. introduction of compounds of boron and phosphorus in the synthesis of organic substances

chemistry Wittig, Georg West Germany introduction of compounds of boron and phosphorus in the synthesis of organic substances

economics Lewis, Sir Arthur U.K. analyses of economic processes in developing nations

economics Schultz, Theodore William U.S. analyses of economic processes in developing nations

literature Elytis, Odysseus Greece poet

peace Teresa, Mother (Teresa, Blessed Mother) India

physics Glashow, Sheldon Lee U.S. unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particles

physics Salam, Abdus Pakistan unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particles

physics Weinberg, Steven U.S. unification of electromagnetism and the weak interactions of subatomic particles

physiology/

medicine Cormack, Allan MacLeod U.S. development of the CAT scan

physiology/

medicine Hounsfield, Sir Godfrey Newbold U.K. development of the CAT scan

1980

chemistry Berg, Paul U.S. first preparation of a hybrid DNA

chemistry Gilbert, Walter U.S. development of chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure

chemistry Sanger, Frederick U.K. development of chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure

economics Klein, Lawrence Robert U.S. development and analysis of empirical models of business fluctuations

literature Milosz, Czeslaw (Miłosz, Czesław) U.S. poet

peace Pérez Esquivel, Adolfo Argentina

physics Cronin, James Watson U.S. demonstration of simultaneous violation of both charge-conjugation and parity-inversion symmetries

physics Fitch, Val Logsdon U.S. demonstration of simultaneous violation of both charge-conjugation and parity-inversion symmetries

physiology/

medicine Benacerraf, Baruj U.S. investigations of genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances

physiology/

medicine

Gabriel-Joachim (Dausset, Jean) France investigations of genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances

physiology/

medicine Snell, George Davis U.S. investigations of genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances

*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.

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