Nobel Prize winners by year (2001–10)

year category name country* achievement literary area

2001

chemistry Knowles, William S. U.S. work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions

chemistry Noyori Ryoji (Noyori Ryōji) Japan work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions

chemistry Sharpless, K. Barry U.S. work on chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions

economics Akerlof, George A. U.S. analysis of markets with asymmetric information

economics Spence, A. Michael U.S. analysis of markets with asymmetric information

economics Stiglitz, Joseph E. U.S. analysis of markets with asymmetric information

literature Naipaul, Sir V.S. Trinidad novelist

peace United Nations (founded 1945)

peace Annan, Kofi Ghana

physics Cornell, Eric A. U.S. achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms; early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates

physics Ketterle, Wolfgang Germany achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms; early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates

physics Wieman, Carl E. U.S. achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms; early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates

● physiology/

● medicine

Hartwell, Leland H. U.S. discovery of key regulators of the cell cycle

● physiology/

● medicine

Hunt, R. Timothy U.K. discovery of key regulators of the cell cycle

● physiology/

● medicine

Nurse, Sir Paul M. U.K. discovery of key regulators of the cell cycle

2002

chemistry Fenn, John B. U.S. development of techniques to identify and analyze proteins and other large molecules

chemistry Tanaka Koichi Japan development of techniques to identify and analyze proteins and other large molecules

chemistry Wüthrich, Kurt Switzerland development of techniques to identify and analyze proteins and other large molecules

economics Kahneman, Daniel U.S./Israel integration of psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision making under uncertainty

economics Smith, Vernon L. U.S. establishment of laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis

literature Kertész, Imre Hungary novelist

peace Carter, Jimmy U.S.

physics Davis, Raymond, Jr. U.S. detection of neutrinos

physics Giacconi, Riccardo U.S. seminal discoveries of cosmic sources of X-rays

physics Koshiba Masatoshi Japan detection of neutrinos

● physiology/

● medicine

Brenner, Sydney U.K. discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis)

● physiology/

● medicine

Horvitz, H. Robert U.S. discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis)

● physiology/

● medicine

Sulston, John E. U.K. discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis)

2003

chemistry Agre, Peter U.S. discoveries regarding water channels and ion channels in cells

chemistry MacKinnon, Roderick U.S. discoveries regarding water channels and ion channels in cells

economics Engle, Robert F. U.S. development of techniques for the analysis of time series data

economics Granger, Clive W.J. U.K. development of techniques for the analysis of time series data

literature Coetzee, J.M. South Africa novelist

peace Ebadi, Shirin (Maathai, Wangari) Iran

physics Abrikosov, Alexei A. (Abrikosov, Alexey A.) U.S. discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperatures

physics Ginzburg, Vitaly L. (Ginzburg, Vitaly Lazarevich) Russia discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperatures

physics Leggett, Anthony J. U.S. discoveries regarding superconductivity and superfluidity at very low temperatures

● physiology/

● medicine

Lauterbur, Paul U.S. development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

● physiology/

● medicine

Mansfield, Sir Peter U.K. development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

2004

chemistry Ciechanover, Aaron (Ciechanover, Aaron J.) Israel discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation

chemistry Hershko, Avram Israel discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation

chemistry Rose, Irwin U.S. discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation

economics Kydland, Finn E. Norway contributions to dynamic macroeconomics

economics Prescott, Edward C. U.S. contributions to dynamic macroeconomics

literature Jelinek, Elfriede Austria novelist, playwright

peace Maathai, Wangari Kenya

● physiology/

● medicine

Axel, Richard U.S. discovery of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system

● physiology/

● medicine

Buck, Linda B. U.S. discovery of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system

physics Gross, David J. U.S. discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

physics Politzer, H. David U.S. discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

physics Wilczek, Frank U.S. discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

2005

chemistry Chauvin, Yves France development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis

chemistry Grubbs, Robert H. U.S. development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis

chemistry Schrock, Richard R. U.S. development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis

economics Aumann, Robert J. Israel contributions to game-theory analysis

economics Schelling, Thomas C. U.S. contributions to game-theory analysis

literature Pinter, Harold U.K. playwright

peace ElBaradei, Mohamed (International Atomic Energy Agency) Egypt

peace International Atomic Energy Agency (founded 1957)

physics Glauber, Roy J. U.S. contributions to the field of optics

physics Hall, John L. U.S. contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy

physics Hänsch, Theodor W. Germany contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy

● physiology/

● medicine

Marshall, Barry J. Australia discovery of bacteria's role in peptic ulcer disease

● physiology/

● medicine

Warren, J. Robin Australia discovery of bacteria's role in peptic ulcer disease

2006

chemistry Kornberg, Roger D. U.S. work on the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription

economics Phelps, Edmund S. U.S. analysis of intertemporal trade-offs in macroeconomic policy

literature Pamuk, Orhan Turkey novelist

peace Grameen Bank (founded 1976)

peace Yunus, Muhammad Bangladesh

physics Mather, John C. U.S. discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation

physics Smoot, George F. U.S. discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation

physiology/

medicine Fire, Andrew Z. U.S. discovery of RNA interference—gene silencing by double-stranded RNA

physiology/

medicine Mello, Craig C. U.S. discovery of RNA interference—gene silencing by double-stranded RNA

2007

chemistry Ertl, Gerhard Germany studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces

economics Hurwicz, Leonid U.S. work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theory

economics Maskin, Eric S. U.S. work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theory

economics Myerson, Roger B. U.S. work that laid the foundations of mechanism design theory

literature Lessing, Doris U.S. novelist

peace Gore, Al U.S.

peace Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (founded 1988)

physics Fert, Albert France discovery of giant magnetoresistance

physics Grünberg, Peter Germany discovery of giant magnetoresistance

physiology/

medicine Capecchi, Mario R. U.S. discovery of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells

physiology/

medicine Evans, Sir Martin J. U.K. discovery of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells

physiology/

medicine Smithies, Oliver U.S. discovery of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells

2008

chemistry Chalfie, Martin U.S. discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

chemistry Shimomura, Osamu U.S. discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

chemistry Tsien, Roger Y. U.S. discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

economics Krugman, Paul U.S. analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity

literature Le Clézio, Jean-Marie Gustave France novelist,

essayist

peace Ahtisaari, Martti Finland

physics Kobayashi Makoto Japan discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature

physics Maskawa Toshihide Japan discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature

physics Nambu, Yoichiro U.S. discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics

physiology/

medicine Barré-Sinoussi, Françoise (Barré-Sinoussi, Franƈoise) France discovery of human immunodeficiency virus

physiology/

medicine Montagnier, Luc France discovery of human immunodeficiency virus

physiology/

medicine zur Hausen, Harald Germany discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer

*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.

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