Nobel Prize winners by year (1901–10)

year category name country* achievement literary area

1901

chemistry

Henricus van 't (Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van 't) The Netherlands laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure

literature Sully Prudhomme France poet

peace Dunant, Henri Switzerland

peace Passy, Frédéric France

physics Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Germany discovery of X-rays

physiology/

medicine Behring, Emil von Germany work on serum therapy

1902

chemistry Fischer, Emil Germany work on sugar and purine syntheses

literature Mommsen, Theodor Germany historian

peace Ducommun, Élie Switzerland

peace Gobat, Charles-Albert Switzerland

physics Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation

physics Zeeman, Pieter The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation

physiology/

medicine Ross, Sir Ronald U.K. discovery of how malaria enters an organism

1903

chemistry Arrhenius, Svante (Arrhenius, Svante August) Sweden theory of electrolytic dissociation

literature Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Martinius Norway novelist, poet, dramatist

peace Cremer, Sir Randal U.K.

physics Becquerel, Henri France discovery of spontaneous radioactivity

physics Curie, Marie France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel

physics Curie, Pierre France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel

physiology/

medicine Finsen, Niels Ryberg Denmark treatment of skin diseases with light

1904

chemistry Ramsay, Sir William U.K. discovery of inert gas elements and their places in the periodic system

literature Echegaray y Eizaguirre, José Spain dramatist

literature Mistral, Frédéric France poet

peace Institute of International Law (International Law, Institute of) (founded

1873)

physics Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron (Rayleigh, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron) U.K. discovery of argon

physiology/

medicine Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Russia work on the physiology of digestion

1905

chemistry Baeyer, Adolf von Germany work on organic dyes, hydroaromatic compounds

literature Sienkiewicz, Henryk Poland novelist

peace Suttner, Bertha, Freifrau von Austria-

Hungary

physics Lenard, Philipp Germany research on cathode rays

physiology/

medicine Koch, Robert Germany tuberculosis research

1906

chemistry Moissan, Henri France isolation of fluorine; introduction of Moissan furnace

literature Carducci, Giosuè Italy poet

peace Roosevelt, Theodore U.S.

physics Thomson, Sir J.J. U.K. researches into electrical conductivity of gases

physiology/

medicine Golgi, Camillo Italy work on the structure of the nervous system

physiology/

medicine Ramón y Cajal, Santiago Spain work on the structure of the nervous system

1907

chemistry Buchner, Eduard Germany discovery of noncellular fermentation

literature Kipling, Rudyard U.K. poet, novelist

peace Moneta, Ernesto Teodoro Italy

peace Renault, Louis France

physics Michelson, A.A. U.S. spectroscopic and metrological investigations

physiology/

medicine Laveran, Alphonse France discovery of the role of protozoa in diseases

1908

chemistry Rutherford, Ernest (Rutherford, Ernest, Baron Rutherford of Nelson, of Cambridge) U.K. investigations into the disintegration of elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances

literature Eucken, Rudolf Christoph Germany philosopher

peace Arnoldson, Klas Pontus Sweden

peace Bajer, Fredrik Denmark

physics Lippmann, Gabriel France photographic reproduction of colours

physiology/

medicine Ehrlich, Paul Germany work on immunity

physiology/

medicine Metchnikoff, Élie Russia work on immunity

1909

chemistry Ostwald, Wilhelm Germany pioneer work on catalysis, chemical equilibrium, and reaction velocities

literature Lagerlöf, Selma Sweden novelist

peace Beernaert, Auguste-Marie-François Belgium

peace Estournelles de Constant, Paul-H.-B. d' France

physics Braun, Ferdinand Germany development of wireless telegraphy

physics Marconi, Guglielmo Italy development of wireless telegraphy

physiology/

medicine Kocher, Emil Theodor Switzerland physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland

1910

chemistry Wallach, Otto Germany pioneer work in alicyclic combinations

literature Heyse, Paul Johann Ludwig von Germany poet, novelist, dramatist

peace International Peace Bureau (founded 1891)

physics Waals, Johannes Diederik van der The

Netherlands research concerning the equation of state of gases and liquids

physiology/

medicine Kossel, Albrecht Germany researches in cellular chemistry

*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.

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