Nobel Prize winners by year (1911–20)

year category name country* achievement literary area

1911

chemistry Curie, Marie France discovery of radium and polonium; isolation of radium

literature Maeterlinck, Maurice Belgium dramatist

peace Asser, Tobias Michael Carel The Netherlands

peace Fried, Alfred Hermann Austria-

Hungary

physics Wien, Wilhelm Germany discoveries regarding laws governing heat radiation

physiology/

medicine Gullstrand, Allvar Sweden work on dioptrics of the eye

1912

chemistry Grignard, Victor France discovery of the Grignard reagents

chemistry Sabatier, Paul France method of hydrogenating

organic compounds

literature Hauptmann, Gerhart Germany dramatist

peace Root, Elihu U.S.

physics Dalén, Nils Sweden invention of automatic regulators for lighting coastal beacons and light buoys

physiology/

medicine Carrel, Alexis France work on vascular suture; transplantation of organs

1913

chemistry Werner, Alfred Switzerland work on the linkage of atoms in molecules

literature Tagore, Rabindranath India poet

peace Lafontaine, Henri-Marie Belgium

physics Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike The Netherlands investigation into the properties of matter at low temperatures; production of liquid helium

physiology/

medicine Richet, Charles France work on anaphylaxis

1914

chemistry Richards, Theodore William U.S. accurate determination of the atomic weights of numerous elements

physics Laue, Max von Germany discovery of diffraction of

X-rays by crystals

physiology/

medicine Bárány, Robert Austria-

Hungary work on vestibular apparatus

1915

chemistry Willstätter, Richard Germany pioneer researches in plant pigments, especially chlorophyll

literature Rolland, Romain France novelist

physics Bragg, Sir Lawrence U.K. analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays

physics Bragg, Sir William U.K. analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays

1916

literature Heidenstam, Verner von Sweden poet

1917

literature Gjellerup, Karl Adolph Denmark novelist

literature Pontoppidan, Henrik Denmark novelist

peace International Committee of the Red Cross (founded 1863)

physics Barkla, Charles Glover U.K. discovery of characteristic

X-radiation of elements

1918

chemistry Haber, Fritz Germany synthesis of ammonia

literature Karlfeldt, Erik Axel (declined) Sweden poet

physics Planck, Max Germany discovery of the elemental quanta

1919

literature Spitteler, Carl Switzerland poet, novelist

peace Wilson, Woodrow U.S.

physics Stark, Johannes Germany discovery of Doppler effect in positive ion rays and division of spectral lines in electric field

physiology/

medicine Bordet, Jules Belgium work on immunity factors in blood serum

1920

chemistry Nernst, Walther Hermann Germany work in thermochemistry

literature Hamsun, Knut Norway novelist

peace Bourgeois, Léon France

physics Guillaume, Charles Édouard Switzerland discovery of anomalies in alloys

physiology/

medicine Krogh, August Denmark discovery of capillary motor-regulating mechanism

*Nationality given is the citizenship of recipient at the time award was made. Prizes may be withheld or not awarded in years when no worthy recipient can be found or when the world situation (e.g., World Wars I and II) prevents the gathering of information needed to reach a decision.

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