Notable Civil Engineering Projects (in work or completed, 2008)

Name Location Year of completion Notes

Airports Terminal area (sq m)

Beijing Capital (new Terminal 3) northeast of Beijing 986,000 2008 Opened Feb. 29; is the world's largest airport terminal

Dubai International (new Terminal 3) near Dubai, U.A.E. 532,000 2008 Opened Oct. 14; total area including concourse and car park is 1,459,000 sq m; 40 km from Al Maktoum International Airport

Changi (new Terminal 3) mostly on landfill at eastern tip of Singapore 380,000 2008 Opened Jan. 9; new terminal in Asia's 6th busiest airport in passenger traffic

Miami International (North Terminal) northwest of central Miami 316,000 2011 Largest U.S. airport expansion under way in 2008; original terminal is being remodeled and expanded to become the North Terminal

Barcelona International (El Prat)(South Terminal) southwest of Barcelona 300,000 2009 New second terminal building to be located midfield

Berlin Brandenburg International Sch&\\#x00f6;nefeld airport, southeast of Berlin 220,000 2011 Sch&\\#x00f6;nefeld to be expanded; other Berlin airports closed on Oct. 30 (Tempelhof) or will close in 2011 (Tegel)

Tripoli International (1st of 2 new terminals) south of Tripoli (Tarabulus), Libya 165,000 2009 1st of 2 planned same-sized terminals under construction from 2007

Cairo International (new Terminal 3) northeast of Cairo 164,000 2009 Africa's 2nd busiest airport

New Doha International (phases 1 and 2) near Doha, Qatar 140,000 2011 Being built on 28 sq km of Persian Gulf landfill

Col. H. Weir Cook Terminal Building west of Indianapolis 116,000 2008 Opened Nov. 11; new midfield terminal replaced old terminal

Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport (Terminal 2) southwest of Warsaw 94,000 2008 Became fully operational on March 12; airport formerly known as Okecie International

Raleigh-Durham International (new Terminal 2, phase 1) midway between Raleigh and Durham, N.C. 85,000 2008 Opened Oct. 26 for passengers; phase 2 to be completed in 2011

Bengaluru International Airport near Devanhalli, northeast of Bengaluru (Bangalore), India 71,000 2008 Opened May 23; new airport

Heathrow (new Terminal 5, phase 1) southwest of London 70,000 2008 Opened March 27 for passengers; biggest construction project in the U.K. from 2002; includes world's 1st personal rapid transit system (opening in 2009) and underground links to 2 rail lines

John F. Kennedy International (redesigned Terminal 5) New York City 59,000 2008 Opened Oct. 22; terminal space is linked to 1962 modernist TWA terminal designed by Eero Saarinen

Al Maktoum International at Jebel Ali, southwest of Dubai, U.A.E. 38,000* 2015 To become largest commercial airport in the world; *size of cargo terminal; will be the world's largest maintenance and repair centre

Bridges Length (main span; m)

Manifa Causeway in Persian Gulf offshore of Manifa, Saudi Arabia 41 km¹ 2011 Includes 20 km of laterals from main causeway to drilling islands; will enable massive oil field redevelopment

Hangzhou Bay Transoceanic near Jiaxing, China–near Cixi, China 36 km 2008 Opened to traffic May 1; world's longest transoceanic bridge/causeway

I-95 (Woodrow Wilson \\#2) Alexandria, Va.–Md. suburbs of D.C. 1,852² 2008 2 bascule spans forming wider inverted V shape for ships; outer span opened June 10, 2006, inner span on May 30, 2008

Xihoumen Zhoushan archipelago, China (linking Jintang and Cezi islands) 1,650 2007 Opened to traffic Dec. 16, 2007; world's 2nd longest suspension bridge

Fourth Yangtze Bridge Nanjing, China 1,418 2013 To be world's 5th longest suspension bridge

Sutong Nantong, China (100 km from Yangtze mouth) 1,088 2008 Opened to traffic May 25; cable-stayed bridge holds world record for length of main span, height of main bridge tower, and depth of foundation piers

Stonecutters (Angchuanzhou) Tsing Yi–Sha Tin, Hong Kong 1,018 2009 To be world's 2nd longest cable-stayed bridge; links container terminals

Second Inch'on (Incheon) Inch'on–Yongjong (Yeongjong) Island, S.Kor. 800 2009 To be world's 7th longest cable-stayed bridge

Peljesac Neretva Channel of Adriatic Sea, Croatia 568 2011 Directly links southernmost Dalmatia to the Croatian mainland bypassing Bosnia and Herzegovina; will be Europe's 2nd longest cable-stayed bridge

Chaotianmen ("Face the Sky") Chongqing, China (across the Yangtze) 552 2009 To be world's longest steel arch bridge; designed to resemble the Sydney Harbour Bridge (completed 1932)

John James Audubon New Roads–St. Francisville, La. (across the Mississippi) 483 2010 To be longest cable-stayed bridge in North America

Chenab River between Katra and Laole, Jammu and Kashmir, India 480 2009 To be world's 6th longest steel arch bridge; bridge will be 359 m above the river, making it the highest railroad bridge in the world

Hoover Dam Bypass Project Ariz.–Nev. border (just south of Hoover Dam) 323 2010 274 m above the Colorado River; to be world's 4th longest concrete arch bridge

Pont Gustave Flaubert Rouen, France (over the Seine) 116* 2008 In service Sept. 25; *liftable section; highest vertical lift bridge in the world (from 7 m to 55 m)

Hangzhou Bay \\#2 between Jiaxing and Shaoxing, China ? 2012 Will be world's longest all-span cable-stayed bridge

Buildings, Observation/Television Towers³ Height (rooftop; m)

Burj Dubai ("Dubai Tower") Dubai, U.A.E. 688* 2009 Claimed to be world's tallest building on July 21, 2007; *as of September 2008; final height with spire is undisclosed

Pentominium Dubai, U.A.E. 618 2012 Will be world's tallest residential tower

Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower Guangzhou, China 610 2010 To be world's tallest observation/television tower; height to rooftop 454 m, with spire 610 m

Freedom Tower or 1 World Trade Center New York City

● "1,776 ft"

● (541.3 m)

2013 Complex to include 6 new buildings, a memorial, and a museum

Burj Al Alam ("World Tower") Dubai, U.A.E. 510 2011 One of the world's tallest buildings when completed

Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai 492 2008 Opened to public Aug. 30; world's 2nd tallest completed building (to rooftop)

Abraj Al Bait ("Royal Clock") Towers Mecca, Saudi Arabia 485 2009 To be world's 4th tallest building (to rooftop); height with spire = 595 m; 6 residential/hotel towers to house 65,000 people

International Commerce Centre Hong Kong 484 2010 To be Hong Kong's tallest (in 2010) and have world's highest hotel

Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago 360 2008/2009 Topped out at 360 m on Sept. 24; height with spire will be 415 m; will be Chicago's 2nd tallest building to rooftop

Torre Central of Faros del Panam&\\#x00e1; Panama City, Pan. 346 2010 Torre Central will be the tallest building in Latin America; part of a 3-building complex; 346 m includes spire

Dams Crest/embankment length (m)

Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project Narmada River, Madhya Pradesh, India 1,210 2009 Largest dam of controversial 30-dam project; drinking and irrigation water for Gujarat state

Merowe (earth core rockfill) Dam on Nile, 350 km north of Khartoum, Sudan 841 2009 To contain 20% of Nile annual flow; to double The Sudan's power capacity

Bakun Hydroelectric Project Balui River, Sarawak, Malay. 750 2010 To be largest concrete-faced rockfill dam in the world

Xiluodu (part of Upper Yangtze Hydropower Development scheme) 184 km upriver of Yibin, China 698 2015 First of 4-dam scheme that will generate more electricity than Three Gorges

Nam Theun 2 Nam Theun River, central Laos 325 2009 Hydroelectricity to be sold to Thailand

Manuel Piar (Tocoma) (4th of 4-dam Lower Caron&\\#x00ed; Development scheme) Caron&\\#x00ed; River, northern Bol&\\#x00ed;var, Venez. ? 2010 Final unit of world's 3rd largest hydroelectric complex

Santo Antonio Madeira River (the longest tributary of the Amazon), Braz. ? 2012 To provide, with sister dam Jirau, 8% of the electricity for Brazil by 2013

Highways Length (km)

Interoceanic Highway I&\\#x00f1;apari (at Brazilian border)–Ilo/ Matarani/San Juan de Marcona, Peru c. 3,100 2010 To be paved road for Brazilian imports/exports from/to Asia via 3 Peruvian ports; some construction is at c. 4,000 m

"East–West Economic Corridor" Danang, Vietnam–Moulmein, Myan. (via Laos and Thailand) 1,450 2008 All-weather gravel road linking the Pacific and Indian oceans; considered to be virtually complete in July 2008

East–West Highway (across northern Algeria) Tunisian border (near Annaba)–Algerian border (near Tlemcen) 1,216 2010 To facilitate economic development and trade across North Africa

Egnatia Motorway Igoumenitsa–Kipoi, Greece 670 2009 First Greek highway at int'l standards; 76 tunnels, 1,650 bridges

A2 Motorway ("east to west expressway across Poland") Polish border near Frankfurt an der Oder, Ger.–Brest, Belarus (via Warsaw) 610 2011 Construction began in 2001; 252 km completed in 2008; will link to German autobahn

Transylvanian Motorway Brasov–Bors, Rom. 415 2013 To link Romania and Hungary and open Transylvania to tourism

Trans-Labrador Highway (phase III) Happy Valley–Goose Bay to Cartwright Junction, Labrador, Can. 280 2009 Final phase of all-weather gravel road near timberline wilderness; 64% complete by end of 2007–08 construction season

"North-South Economic Corridor" Laotian link (National Route 3) Boten–Houayxay, Laos 228 2008 Opened March 31; final link of 1,150-km highway network from Kunming, China, to Bangkok; former opium-smuggling route across northwest Laos is now a 2-lane paved road

Canals and Floodgates Length (m)

Arabian Canal Dubai 75,000 2010 Largest civil engineering project in the history of the U.A.E.; 150-m-wide waterway to turn arid interior into exclusive waterfront property

St. Petersburg Flood Protection Barrier Gulf of Finland embankment, Russia (Gorskaya–Bronka via Kotlin Island) 25,400 2010 To protect city from tidal surges; navigation channel opened October 2008; begun 1980, halted 1987, resumed 2003

New Orleans Surge Barrier Gulf Intercoastal Waterway–Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, New Orleans 2,283 2011 Central component of 3-km-long project to prevent storm-surge flooding using barrier walls and floodgates

South to North Water Diversion Project Yangtze River–south of Beijing — 2011 To bring crucial irrigation and drinking water from the Yangtze River in the south to the dry plains of north China over 2 routes totaling 2,423 km

Project Moses (flood-protection plan) lagoon openings near Venice — 2012? Rows of 79 20-m-wide submerged gates in 3 lagoon openings will rise in flood conditions; controversial plan was begun in 2003

Panama Canal Expansion between Panama City and Col&\\#x00f3;n, Pan. — 2014 Will include new wider and longer 3-chamber locks, doubling the canal's capacity and allowing the passage of world's biggest container ships

Railways (Heavy) Length (km)

Benguela Railway (rehabilitation; closed by civil war 1975–2002) Benguela–Luau, Angola (at DR Congo border) 1,314 2011 Reopening to Huambo (423 km) by end of 2008 is expected; will enable resumption of copper exports from DR Congo and Zambia

Sena Railway (destroyed during 1976–92 civil war) Moatize–Beira, Mozambique 665 2010 Rehabilitation began in 2005; declared free of land mines in 2006; important for coal export

Xinqiu–Bayan Ul Railway Xinqiu, Liaoning–Bayan Ul, Inner Mongolia, China 487 2010 To be important for coal transport; future link to Mongolia expected

North-South Railway (in part) Aragua&\\#x00ed;na, Tocantins–Palmas, Tocantins, Braz. 361 2009 Rail exports of agriculture, forestry, and mineral products from vast area of interior of north Brazil is expected

Kashmir Railway Udhampur–Baramula, Jammu and Kashmir, India 292 2012 80% bridges or tunnels in mountainous terrain; 66-km Rajwansher–Anantnag section opened on Oct. 11

KATB rail project Baku, Azer.–Kars, Tur. (via Georgia) 258 2011 Caspian Sea to Turkey link, bypassing Armenia; 98 km of new rail, remainder modernized; new transport outlet for Georgia

Lhasa–Xigaze railway Lhasa–Xigaze, Tibet, China 254 2010 Extension of the world's highest railroad will link Tibet's two largest cities; future extension to Nepal is a possibility

North Luzon Railway System project Caloocan (north Metro Manila)—Clark international airport, Philippines 84 2011 To accelerate development of central Luzon

Railways (High Speed) Length (km)

Beijing–Shanghai Express Railway Beijing–Shanghai 1,318 2013 To halve travel time between capital and financial centre

Spanish high speed Madrid to France (via Barcelona) 719 2009 Madrid to Barcelona link opened Feb. 20

Turkish high speed Ankara–Istanbul 533 2010 To connect capital with largest city

Italian high speed Milan–Bologna section 210 2008 Opened Dec. 13; entire line from Turin to Naples scheduled for completion in 2009

Bothnia Line (Botniabanan) Nyland–Ume&\\#x00e5;, Swed. 190 2010 Along north Swedish coast; difficult terrain with 25 km of tunnels

HSL–Zuid The Hague/Amsterdam—Belgian border 125 2009 To enable high-speed links with Brussels, London, and Paris

Beijing–Tianjin high speed Beijing–Tianjin, China 113 2008 Opened Aug. 1; world's fastest intercity train, available for 2008 Olympic Games

Gautrain Johannesburg–Pretoria 80 2010 To link the capital with the commercial centre

Subways/Metros/Light Rails/ Commuter Rails Length (km)

Shanghai Metro Shanghai 199.1 2009/2010 120.5 km = length of 4 lines/extensions (7, 8, 9, and 11) expected to become operational in 2009

New Mexico Rail Runner Express (commuter rail service) Belen–Santa Fe, N.M. (via Albuquerque) c. 141 2008 Operational in Albuquerque area in 2006; final c. 67-km extension to Santa Fe in service from Dec. 17

Delhi Metro Delhi 124.8 2010 Many extensions of lines under construction between 2008 and 2010

Dubai Metro (Red/Green lines) Dubai, U.A.E. 69.7 2009/2010 To be world's longest fully automated driverless transport system

Beijing Metro Beijing 57.7 2008 Length of 3 lines opened on July 19 prior to Olympics

Circle MRT Singapore 33.3 2010 To connect 3 existing MRT lines

Namma Metro Bengaluru (Bangalore), India 33.0 2011 2 lines to be built; construction began in 2007

Valley Metro Rail Phoenix–Tempe–Mesa, Ariz. 32.2 2008 Opened Dec. 27; Arizona's first light-rail system

Santo Domingo Metro (Line 1) Santo Domingo, Dom.Rep. 14.5 2008 Opened to general public on Dec. 22

M&\\#x00e9;tro d'Alger (Line 1, phase 1) Algiers 9.0 2009 Mainly underground near the city centre and eastward

N&\\#x00fc;rnberg Metro U3 ("Line 3," phase 1) N&\\#x00fc;rnberg, Ger. 6.1 2008 Service began June 15; first metro service in the world to operate driverless trains on same route (in part) with manned (U2) trains

Metro de Lausanne (m2) (crosses city north to south) Lausanne, Switz. 6.0 2008 Began operation Oct. 27; very steep gradient—replaces 1877 funicular (in part); world's smallest city with metro

Tunnels Length (m)

Apennine Range tunnels (9) Bologna, Italy–Florence (high-speed railway) 73,400 2009 Longest tunnel (Vaglia, 18.6 km); tunnels to cover 93% of railway

Marmaray railroad project tunnels connecting European and Asian portions of Istanbul 13,600 2011 To include 1.4-km-long bored tunnel, world's deepest sunken-tube tunnel (56 m under the Bosporus strait)

East and West tunnels of A86 ring road western outskirts of Paris 10,000/7,500 2010 Two tunnels under Versailles and nearby protected woodlands

Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway tunnels Singapore 8,500 2008 Expressway opened Sept. 20; longest underground expressway in Southeast Asia

Eiksund Undersea Orsta–Hareidlandlet (Heroy Island), Nor. 7,765 2008 Opened to traffic Feb. 23; world's deepest underwater tunnel (287 m under water surface)

/td\\>

● 1 m=3.28 ft; 1 km=0.62 mi

● ¹Length of entire causeway.

● ²Length of each span.

● ³Construction of 2 Moscow buildings (the Russia Tower 【to be the world's second tallest building】 and the East Tower of Federation Tower 【to be Europe's tallest building with the spire】) was halted in late 2008.