the theory or practice of objective art or literature. The term was used by the poet William Carlos Williams (Williams, William Carlos) in the 1930s to describe a movement in which emphasis was placed on viewing poems as objects that could be considered and analyzed in terms of mechanical features. According to Williams, this meant examining the structural aspects of the poem and considering how it was constructed. Other poets involved in the short-lived movement were Louis Zukofsky (Zukofsky, Louis), George Oppen (Oppen, George), and Charles Reznikoff (Reznikoff, Charles).