Flemish painter of religious subjects and portraits and designer of tapestries.

The son of the painter Valentin van Orley, he entered the employ of Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands, in 1515 and three years later was appointed court painter. The German painter Albrecht Dürer (Dürer, Albrecht) made a portrait of him in 1521. Orley's earliest important work, painted about 1512, was an altarpiece of Saints Thomas and Matthew, of which the centrepiece is in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, and the wings in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts, Brussels. From 1516 to 1522 he followed the style of the Flemish painter Jan Gossart (Gossart, Jan), but after that he was influenced by Raphael, whose tapestry cartoons were in Brussels for many years; both influences may be seen in an altarpiece representing the Banquet of the Children of Job (1521), now in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts. Of Orley's portraits, that of Georg Zelle is the only surviving one that is signed and dated (1519).

Tapestries designed by Orley are the Hunts of Maximilian and the Victory of Pavia. His paintings residing in the United States include the well-known Virgin and Child with Angels in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and works at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.