American movie actress of the silent film era, who played opposite Charlie Chaplin (Chaplin, Charlie) in more than 30 films, including such classic short works as The Tramp (1915), Easy Street (1917), and The Immigrant (1917). She also starred with Chaplin in the feature-length film The Kid (1921).

In early 1915 Chaplin, who had recently signed a contract with the Essanay movie company located near San Francisco at Niles, California, began a search for a leading lady. After rejecting several chorus girls, Chaplin arranged a meeting with Purviance, who was working as a secretary and had become involved in San Francisco's bohemian life. A Night Out (1915), made soon after that meeting, was the first collaboration of Purviance and Chaplin. Although her role varied from film to film, Purviance almost always appeared as Chaplin's love interest, bringing a heartfelt gentleness and soft blonde beauty to her roles that sweetly complemented the chaos of Chaplin's tramp character.

In real life as in the films, Purviance and Chaplin were romantically involved, and they remained close friends even after their affair was over. Attempting to launch Purviance on a career independent of his, Chaplin wrote, directed, and played a small role in A Woman of Paris (1923), in which Purviance starred as an elegant courtesan. Although the film was well reviewed, it failed at the box office and Purviance continued to be viewed solely as Chaplin's leading lady. After a scandal involving Purviance and an oil magnate threatened to destroy her career, Chaplin hired Joseph von Sternberg (Sternberg, Josef von) to direct her in a film, but Purviance's reliance on alcohol affected her performance and Chaplin and Sternberg had artistic differences; the film—known as both The Sea Gull and A Woman of the Sea—was never released.

Chaplin continued to feel not only friendship but responsibility for Purviance, and she drew a small monthly stipend from his film company for the remainder of her life. Her final film appearances were as an extra in Chaplin's Monsieur Verdoux (1947) and Limelight (1952).