legendary Indian Buddhist mystic who introduced Tantric Buddhism (Vajrayāna) to Tibet and who is credited with establishing the first Buddhist monastery there.

According to tradition, he was a native of Udyāna (now Swat, Pak.), an area famed for its magicians. Padmasambhava was a Tantrist and a member of the Yogācāra sect and taught at Nalanda, a centre of Buddhist studies in India. He was invited to Tibet in 747 by King Thī-srong-detsan and arrived at Samye (Bsan-yas), where he is said to have exorcised demons that were inhibiting the construction of a Buddhist monastery by causing earthquakes. He supervised the completion of the monastery in 749.

The Tibetan Buddhist sect Rnying-ma-pa (the Old Order) claims to follow most closely Padmasambhava's teachings, emphasizing Tantric ritual, worship, and Yoga. Texts basic to the sect's teachings, which were said to have been buried by Padmasambhava, began to be found around 1125. He also had many Tantric books translated from the original Sanskrit into Tibetan.