American journalist who was cofounder and longtime publisher and editor of the Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper Newsday.

Patterson was of Chicago's journalistic dynasty. She was the daughter of Joseph Medill Patterson (Patterson, Joseph Medill) and the great-granddaughter of Joseph Medill (Medill, Joseph) of the Chicago Tribune; Eleanor Medill Patterson (Patterson, Eleanor Medill) was her aunt. Alicia was educated privately in the United States and Europe. She served an apprenticeship by working in the promotion department and then as a cub reporter for her father's New York Daily News (1927–28). She also wrote articles for Liberty magazine, which was at that time also owned by the family. After Liberty was sold in 1931, Patterson freelanced a bit and attained distinction as a pilot (she set a women's New York-to-Philadelphia record) before returning in 1932 to the Daily News, for which she wrote book reviews for 11 years.

In 1939 Patterson and her third husband, Harry F. Guggenheim (married that year), bought the plant and equipment of the short-lived Nassau County Journal, and on September 9, 1940, they launched a new daily tabloid, Newsday. Patterson, in addition to holding 49 percent of the stock, was from the start publisher and editor of the paper. Innovative in format, politically independent, sensitive to local issues while providing full national and international coverage, Newsday quickly surpassed the circulation of its chief competitor, the Nassau Review-Star, which went out of business in 1953. By 1954 Newsday's circulation was in excess of 213,000, and by 1963 it exceeded 375,000. It was the leading competitor of the New York City dailies and over the years won numerous awards for excellence in typography and reporting.

Patterson served as a trustee of the Harry F. Guggenheim Foundation and of the Fund for the Republic and in various other public-service capacities. The last member of her family to be active in newspaper publishing, she remained publisher and editor of Newsday until her death in 1963.