Italian jurist who was one of the main founders of the so-called positive school of international law, a legal philosophy advocating a sharp distinction between the legal and the political and moral aspects of international relations.

In 1906 Anzilotti was cofounder of the Rivista di diritto internazionale (“International Law Review”). He was professor of law at the universities of Palermo, Bologna, and Rome (1911–37). In 1921 he was appointed a judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice of The Hague, where he presided from 1928 to 1930.