city, Cádiz provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. It is located on a high rock bounded on three sides by the Guadalete River. Rich in Moorish architecture, the city also contains the Gothic churches of Santa María de la Asunción and San Pedro, with additions dating from the 16th to the 18th century. Called Colonia Arcensium by the Romans and Medina Arkosh by the Moors, Arcos was taken for the Christians by Alfonso X of Castile in 1264 and was made a city in 1472. In medieval times it was on the border between Christian and Muslim Spain. It is now an agricultural centre and manufactures cork, leather, and esparto products. Tourism has grown in importance. Pop. (2007 est.) mun., 30,508.