city, south-central Ukraine. It was a minor trading centre before the October Revolution (1917) and was incorporated in 1797, and it later became a major railway junction and centre of the west Donets Basin. Its varied industrial base has included the manufacture of machinery for the chemical industry and for foundries and the production of bricks. Other industries have included linen production, food processing, and clothing and furniture manufacturing. Pop. (2001) 118,816; (2005 est.) 113,748.