one of the southern Cook Islands, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean. A raised coral atoll, Atiu has a circumference of roughly 20 miles (30 km); a high central plateau rises to about 230 feet (70 metres) and is surrounded by low swamps, beaches, and a 66-foot- (20-metre-) high coral reef known as Makatea. Fertile volcanic soil and freshwater springs in the valleys allow cultivation of citrus fruits, bananas, papayas, and copra, which are exported. Shipping is hampered by the lack of an adequate lagoon behind the fringing reef. Settlement on the island is exclusively in the interior. Area (land only) 10.4 square miles (26.9 square km). Pop. (2006 prelim.) 572.