Chinese general and colonial administrator of the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE) who reestablished Chinese control over Central Asia.

The brother of the historian Ban Gu (32?–92), Ban Chao early tired of literary pursuits and turned to military affairs. In 73 he was dispatched with a small force on a mission to pacify the Xiongnu tribes who had been raiding China's northwestern borders. By playing on the internal dissensions among the tribes, he quickly succeeded. His efforts were frustrated, however, by his recall three years later. Several years elapsed before Ban Chao was permitted to resume his mission, but he soon had the entire Tarim Basin (in modern Xinjiang) under his control. He was made duhu (protector general) of the western regions in 91, and he expanded his conquests across the Pamirs to the shores of the Caspian Sea.

In 102 Ban Chao's sister, Ban Zhao, a well-known scholar, successfully petitioned the emperor to allow Ban Chao to return home, where he died a month later. Two of his sons maintained Chinese control in Central Asia for a brief period.