in astronomy, the minimum distance to which a large satellite can approach its primary body without being torn apart by tidal (tidal friction) forces. If satellite and primary are of similar composition, the theoretical limit is about 2 ¹/₂ times the radius of the larger body. The rings of Saturn lie inside Saturn's Roche limit and may be the debris of a demolished moon. The limit was first calculated by the French astronomer Édouard Roche (1820–83). Artificial satellites are too small to develop substantial tidal stresses.