Spanish dramatist of the school of his more eminent contemporary, Pedro Calderón de la Barca. Rojas Zorrilla was noted for tragedies and a new kind of play, the comedia de figurón, in which an eccentric is the chief figure. At their best, his plays have a sense of life and animation that is lacking in other drama influenced by Calderón.

Little is known of Rojas Zorrilla's life. He apparently studied at the University of Toledo and then lived primarily in Madrid, where he became close to the court, wrote plays for the royal theatre, and was awarded the Order of Santiago in 1644.

The few good plays among the 70 that Rojas Zorrilla wrote have a sense of reality that partly overcomes the artificiality of the theatrical conventions, and they have a naturalness in their plots, which marks his best known play, Del rey abajo, ninguno (“Below the King, No One”).