Israeli-born violinist known for his brilliant virtuoso technique. His refinement of detail led many to regard him as one of the finest performers of the major violin repertoire of his time.

Perlman contracted polio at age four, which left his legs paralyzed. His first public concert was in Tel Aviv when he was 10. In 1958 he went to the United States to study at the Juilliard School in New York City with the renowned teachers Ivan Galamian and Dorothy DeLay; in that same year he performed before a national television audience on the Ed Sullivan Show. He made his Carnegie Hall (New York City) debut in 1963 and won the prestigious Leventritt Prize a year later, which brought him immediate engagements with major American orchestras. (The Leventritt Foundation awarded its violin and piano prizes only sporadically; the rarity of the prize and the value of the guaranteed engagements that came with it separated the Leventritt from other competitions.) As well as performing virtually the entire classical concert repertoire, he occasionally played with klezmer (traditional Jewish dance music) and jazz groups. He also played the solo violin passages in John Williams's Oscar-winning score for the movie Schindler's List (1993).

As a conductor he worked with many of the great orchestras. He held the position of principal guest conductor with the Detroit Symphony from 2001 and was music adviser of the St. Louis (Mo.) Symphony from 2002 to 2004. Perlman was also a teacher, regularly giving violin master classes and cofounding in 1998 (with his wife, Toby) the Perlman Music Program to encourage gifted string players aged 12 to 18. In addition to 15 Grammy Awards received between 1977 and 1995, Perlman was a recipient of the U.S. Medal of Freedom (1986), the National Medal of Arts (2000), and a Kennedy Center Honor (2003).