Roman comic actor of such celebrity that his name became an honorary epithet for any particularly successful actor.

Born into slavery at Solonium, Roscius gained such renown on the stage that the dictator Sulla freed him from bondage and conferred upon him the gold ring, the emblem of equestrian rank. He reportedly was very well paid for his talent.

Although Roscius was known for his painstaking rehearsal of the fine points of each role, he also had a gift for improvisation. He is said to have instructed Cicero (Cicero, Marcus Tullius) in elocution. Cicero, in turn, defended Roscius in a lawsuit, and his oration on behalf of the actor, Pro Roscio comoedo, survives. Among those to acquire the honorary epithet Roscius were the English child star William Henry West Betty (1791–1874), known as the Young Roscius, and the American-born black tragedian Ira Aldridge (1807–67), dubbed the African Roscius.