city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies just east-northeast of Cologne. Chartered in 1856, Bergisch Gladbach has a 12th-century Romanesque church (in the Paffrath district), the moated castles of Zwieffelsstrunden and Blegge, and the 16th-century headquarters of the Order of St. John (in Herrenstrunden). Paper is the city's chief product. Machinery and electrical equipment are also manufactured, and zinc is smelted. The city serves as a tourist base for the Bergisches Land, a hilly wooded district in the lower Rhine Valley. Pop. (2003 est.) 106,053.