poet whose books of fables for schoolchildren have a grace and simplicity that has won them a place as the first poems that Spanish children learn to recite in school.

Born into an aristocratic Basque family, Samaniego came under the influence of the French Encyclopédistes during his early travels in France. Returning to his native country, he devoted the rest of his life to the welfare of his fellow Basques. He joined the Basque Society and taught at its seminary, composing the Fábulas morales (1781; “Moral Fables”) for its students. They were an immediate success and were quickly established as part of the Spanish curriculum. The next year, Samaniego became involved in a literary dispute with his former friend and fellow fabulist Tomás de Iriarte, and, because of an anonymous attack on Iriarte that contained criticisms of the church, Samaniego was imprisoned in a monastery in 1793.