French noblewoman who was executed (1676) after poisoning numerous family members.

She was the daughter of Antoine Dreux d'Aubray, a civil lieutenant of Paris, and in 1651 she married an army officer, Antoine Gobelin de Brinvilliers. An attractive libertine, she became the mistress of a friend of her husband, J.-B. Godin de Sainte-Croix. Her father intervened, and Sainte-Croix was sent to the Bastille in 1663. On his release he plotted with her to take revenge on d'Aubray by poisoning him. With the assistance of one of the king's apothecaries, Sainte-Croix obtained poisons, which she tested on patients in hospitals. Eventually she poisoned her father (1666) and then her two brothers (1670), but an attempt on her husband failed. After Sainte-Croix's death (1672), the crimes were discovered. She escaped but was eventually arrested at Liège and was beheaded in Paris in 1676.

During her interrogation, she declared: “Half the people of quality are involved in this sort of thing, and I could ruin them if I were to talk.” Those whom she refused to name were later compromised in a scandal that touched the court of King Louis XIV (see Poisons, Affair of the).