American poet, novelist, and essayist whose works were informed by themes of love, mind-body conflict, creativity, lesbianism, and the trials of age and illness.

Sarton's family immigrated to Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1916. She saw her first work in print in Poetry magazine in 1929, the same year she joined Eva Le Gallienne (Le Gallienne, Eva)'s Civic Repertory Theatre in New York as an apprentice. In 1933 Sarton founded the Apprentice Theatre (later Associated Actors Theatre); after it disbanded in 1936, she taught creative writing in Boston, then wrote scripts for the official Overseas Film Unit in New York. After 1945 she began to write full-time.

Sarton's writing often earned greater acclaim from the public than from critics, whose comments ranged from admiration for her controlled, sensitive style to disdain for a perceived dullness and conventionality of language. Her novels increasingly reflected the concerns of her own life. Her early fiction, such as The Single Hound (1938) and A Shower of Summer Days (1952), is set in Europe and shows the merest glimpse of autobiography. Mrs. Stevens Hears the Mermaids Singing (1965), considered by many to be her most important novel, addresses issues of artistic expression. Her other novels include As We Are Now (1973), A Reckoning (1978), The Magnificent Spinster (1985), and The Education of Harriet Hatfield (1989), which describes aging, illness, and love between women.

Sarton thought her own poetry more significant than her prose. Of her many volumes of poetry, The Land of Silence (1953), In Time Like Air (1958), and A Private Mythology (1966) are cited as among her best, the last for its varied forms and for its invocation of Japanese, Indian, and Greek cultures. Her Collected Poems, 1930–1993 (1993) demonstrates her range of subjects and styles. Sarton's late autobiographical writings, such as After the Stroke: A Journal (1989) and Encore: A Journal of the Eightieth Year (1993), offer meditations on illness and aging.