stock character of the Italian theatrical form known as the commedia dell'arte; an unscrupulous and unreliable servant. His affinity for intrigue often landed him in difficult situations, yet he always managed to extricate himself, usually leaving an innocent bystander as his victim. Scaramouche was originally a variation of the commedia character Capitano, a braggart soldier. The role was closely associated with the Italian actor Tiberio Fiorillo (Fiorillo, Tiberio) (1608–94), who played without a mask. He transformed the military role to that of a comic servant, usually an indigent gentleman's valet. His costume was black breeches, jacket, cloak, and beret.