Philippine leader (1942–54) of the communist Huk (Hukbalahap (Hukbalahap Rebellion)) movement.

The son of poor peasants, Taruc studied at the University of Manila for two years (1932–34) and then became involved in the cause of the Philippines' landless peasants. Strongly drawn to Marxism, he joined the Socialist Party in 1935. In November of that year the socialists and communists merged to form a united antifascist front.

In 1942, following the Japanese invasion, Taruc formed the Hukbalahap (“People's Anti-Japanese Army”) in central Luzon and became its commander in chief. Although elected to the Philippine House of Representatives in 1946 as a member of the Democratic Alliance, he was barred from his seat when the Commission on Elections charged that he had won his election through terrorism. After unsuccessful attempts to negotiate with President Manuel Roxas, he went underground in late 1946. Between June and August 1948, Taruc's negotiations with the new president, Elpidio Quirino, also failed, and Taruc intensified his terrorist activities, helping in 1948 to create a new Huk movement, called the Hukbong Magapayang Bayan (“People's Liberation Army”). By 1950 his guerrillas controlled most of central Luzon, the “rice basket” of the Philippines, including two provincial capitals, and were in a position to threaten the continued existence of the central government. Ramon Magsaysay, Quirino's minister of national defense made considerable progress in countering Taruc's movement, however, by gaining peasant support and reforming the army and constabulary. In 1954 the Huks had been so undermined that Taruc surrendered. Put on trial for revolt and terrorism, he was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment. He was pardoned by President Ferdinand Marcos (Marcos, Ferdinand E.) in September 1968 and once again became active in the land reform movement. Taruc wrote Born of the People (1953) and He Who Rides the Tiger (1967).