controversial lord chief justice of England (1678–81), who presided over the trials of those accused of complicity in the Popish Plot of 1678 to put the Roman Catholic James, duke of York (later James II), on the throne.

Allegedly the son of a butcher, but probably the child of a grazier, Scroggs was educated at Oxford University and at Gray's Inn and fought briefly for Charles I early in the Civil War. Called to the bar in 1653, he practiced during the Protectorate. He found favour with Charles II, was knighted in 1665, and was made a judge of the Common Pleas in June 1676. He became chief justice of the King's Bench in May 1678.

Presiding over the Popish Plot trials, Scroggs completely trusted the revelations of the renegade Anglican priest Titus Oates and welcomed the verdicts of guilty against the accused Roman Catholics, harrying them with an execration of their faith. He convicted several “plotters,” but because he guided juries into acquitting Sir George Wakeman (the Queen's physician) and other accused persons, he was deluged with public abuse; only the House of Lords and a grateful King shielded him from impeachment by the House of Commons in January 1681. His unpopularity forced Charles to remove him from the bench in April 1681 with a pension.