city, eastern Pernambuco estado (state), northeastern Brazil, on the Ipojuca River at 1,804 feet (550 metres) above sea level. Caruaru originated as a weekly market centre; it was elevated to city status in 1857. Agriculture, livestock, and food processing are the principal sources of income, and there is some light manufacturing. The city has many fairs and religious festivals. It is accessible by train, air, or automobile from Recife, the state capital, 85 miles (137 km) to the east, and is a major crossroads for the region. Pop. (2005 est.) 238,900.