northernmost seaport of Canada, in northeastern Manitoba. It lies on the west coast of Hudson Bay at the mouth of the Churchill River. It was named after John Churchill, 1st duke of Marlborough, governor of the Hudson's Bay Company (1685–91). The company's original wooden Fort Churchill was built on the site in 1688 and burned in 1689, and it was eventually superseded (1731–71) by Fort Prince of Wales, which is now partially restored as a national historical site. The community was founded in 1931 at the terminus of the Hudson Bay Railway, running from The Pas (550 miles 【885 km southwest】). The Churchill Rocket Research Range is a launching site for sounding rockets studying auroras (aurora). The Inuit community of Akudlik was established nearby in 1955. The presence of polar bears and beluga whales makes Churchill a tourist attraction, but the community is not easily accessible by road or rail. Pop. (2006) 923.

county, west-central Nevada, U.S. An original Nevada county, Churchill was created in 1861. The county seat, Fallon, is about 60 miles (100 km) east of Reno. The Carson-Truckee Project (completed 1903) and Lahontan Dam (completed 1914), built on the Walker, Truckee, and Carson rivers, provided the reclamation and irrigation that changed much of the county from a desert into a major agricultural area, producing various crops, poultry, and honey. Area 4,929 square miles (12,767 square km). Pop. (2000) 23,982; (2007 est.) 24,891.