French historian known for his pioneer work from original sources on the reign (1643–1715) of Louis XIV of France.

Chéruel pursued an academic career and rose to the highest posts. His early work was concerned with Norman history and with the general history of France; but his epoch-making edition of the memoirs of the duc de Saint-Simon, 20 vol. (1856–58), was followed by editions of older memoirs and diaries and by publication in six volumes (1872–91) of the letters of Cardinal Jules Mazarin, chief minister during the first 18 years of Louis XIV's reign. These books transformed the historiography of the period of the Fronde, a series of uprisings against the policies of Mazarin in 1648–53.

Chéruel's most important original works include Histoire de France pendant la minorité de Louis XIV, 4 vol. (1879–80; “History of France During the Minority of Louis XIV”), and Histoire de France sous le ministère de Mazarin, 1651–1661, 3 vol. (1882; “History of France Under the Ministry of Mazarin, 1651–1661”).