Russian ethnographer and linguist noted for his studies of Siberian peoples.

Jochelson began his research while in exile in the Kamchatka region of eastern Siberia because of his activities with the revolutionary Narodnaya Volya (“People's Will”) organization. He took part in the Jesup North Pacific Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, in 1900–01 and produced his study The Koryak in 1908. From 1912 to 1922 he was associate curator of the Anthropological and Ethnographical Museum at Petrograd (now St. Petersburg). He emigrated to the United States in 1922 and was associated with the American Museum of Natural History and later with the Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C. He wrote The Yukaghir and the Yukaghirized Tungus (1926) and Peoples of Asiatic Russia (1928).