American landscape architect who, with his better known contemporary Frederick Law Olmsted, developed landscape architecture into a recognized profession in the United States.

Educated as a civil engineer, Cleveland farmed for a while and then became a landscape gardener. He designed the municipal park systems of Minneapolis, Minn., and Omaha, Neb.; Washington and South Shore parks, Chicago; and Roger Williams Park, Providence, R.I. In several books and pamphlets on landscape architecture, he stressed the interpretation of its principles in terms of Midwestern physical geography.